Прочитайте факты из жизни учёных. Определите, о ком из известных математиков в них говорится? Сравните свои предположения с предположениями одногруппников

(1.Riemann, 2.Fibonacci, 3.Leibniz, 4.Wiles, 5. Pythagoras, 6. Euclid, 7. Gauss, 8. Turing, 9. Euler)

A. … He went on a short trip to London before his arrival in Hanover in 1676. During this trip, Newton accused him of stealing his unpublished work on calculus. … He met with the Royal Society where he demonstrated a calculating machine that he had designed and had been building since 1670. The machine was able to execute all four basic operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing), and the Society quickly made him an external member.

B. … He could be called the founding Father of Modern Mathematics. His cult was considered by Aristotle as one of the first groups that have extensively studied advance mathematics. He accepted priesthood and performed the rites that were required in order to enter one of the temples in Egypt, known as Diospolis. He believed that a person’s soul does not die and is destined to a cycle of rebirths. The soul is freed from the cycle of births only through the purity of its life.

C. … When he was studying mathematics, he used the Hindu-Arabic (0-9) symbols instead of Roman symbols, which didn ’ t have 0 ’ s and lacked place value. … It was this problem that led him to the introduction of His Numbers and His Sequence which is what he remains famous for to this day. The sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55... This sequence, shows that each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers. It is a sequence that is seen and used in many different areas of mathematics and science. …During his boyhood his father, Guglielmo, a Pisan merchant, was appointed consul over the community of Pisan merchants in the North African port of Bugia.

D. …He is the only living mathematician today who is recognised for his development of the proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem. His contributions may not be as grand as what have others have contributed, but he was able to formulate portions of new mathematics to support his theorem. He spent 7 years of his life in isolation just to formulate his proof.

E. …Weber and he invented the first electromechanical telegraph in 1833, which linked the observatory with the Institute for physics in Göttingen.

F. … Apart from being a tutor at the Alexandria library, he coined and structured the different elements of mathematics, such as Prisms, geometric systems, infinite values, factorizations, and the congruence of shapes that went on to contour His Geometry.

G. … Over the next two years, he studied mathematics and cryptology at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He returned to Cambridge, and then took a part-time position with the Government Code and Cypher School, a British code-breaking organization.

H. … At 13, he was already attending lectures at the local university, and in 1723 gained his Master’s degree, with a dissertation comparing the natural philosophy systems of Newton and Descartes. … He wrote two articles on reverse trajectory, which were highly valued by his teacher Bernoulli.

I. … Through the years, many mathematicians were able to understand his work, and it rose to be one of the greatest questions in the world of modern science, which confound and baffle other great mathematicians. There has been progress about his theory, but it is noted to be incredibly slow. It is believed that new mathematics can help in discovering the proof of such theory.

7. Обобщите информацию прочитанных текстов, выписав тезисные предложения обо всех учёных. Кто, из выше упомянутых учёных по вашему мнению, внёс наибольший вклад в развитие математики? Аргументируйте своё мнение. (См. приложение №1.)

Model:

Leonhard Euler is hailed as the King of Mathematics.

Leonhard Euler was one of math’s most pioneering thinkers.

He attended the University of Basel.

He made great discoveries in the fields of geometry, trigonometry, calculus, differential equations, number theory and notational systems.

I think that Euler is an outstanding mathematician of the 18^th century, the most prolific and great mathematician of all the time, because having earned his Master’s during his teens he made great discoveries in different fields of mathematics.

Из приведённого списка прилагательных выберите наиболее подходящие для характеристики качеств, которыми, на ваш взгляд, должен обладать учёный-математик. Выразите свою точку зрения, используя Приложение №1.

Model:

In my view, a true scientist must be self-reliant, persevering, and patient to achieve great results in the scientific work. E.g.: Andrew Wiles spent 7 years of his life in isolation just to formulate his proof. It was later found out that there was an error in his proof. He isolated himself once again and reformulated the solution. Then, his proof was accepted.