Exercises. 1. Translate the following sentences

1. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the functions of the infinitive.

1. The first step to take is to improve the quality of building materials. 2. The Egyptians seem to be the first to apply geometry for practical purposes. 3. You may want to contact the supplier for additional information. 4.The sides of the Egyptian pyramids were to face north, south, east and west. 5. Tsiolkovsky had little money to spend on his research. 6. It is the lecture not to be missed. 7. Archimedes is said to have been killed by a Roman soldier who did not know the old man to be a scholar. 8. To obtain paper of high quality the pulp should be carefully washed. 9. After washing the pulp is spread on a wire net to be dried. 10. To be applied for paper-making the water must be specially conditioned. 11. We study the elements to be able to make use of their properties. 12. Science has shown the electron to be a peculiar combination of mass and electrical charge. 13.A planetarium is the best place to watch the sky. 14. The model to be tested was submitted to a special commission. 15. Engineers study mathematics to be able to make complicated computations and to acquire practical skill in making drafts. 16.The machine to be assembled will be more effective than that of a recent design.

2. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the functions of the infinitive.

1. Prefabricated rooms and flats can be assembled into houses. 2. The programming control system is to fulfil this task. 3. It is necessary to take the following measures to solve the housing problem in Britain. 4. The chief function of the building is to provide a suitable meeting hall. 5. It is not easy in Britain to find a house. 6. To find a house becomes still more difficult. 7. The problem to be discussed is connected with the housing construction. 8. People made many efforts to find a new source of energy. 9. The operator’s place is to be as close to the job as possible. 10. They will need much concrete to be used for soil stabilization. 11. The aggregates are graded in size from fine to coarse in order to reduce the amount of voids to be filled by cement. 12. Since recent years timber beams no longer serve to carry the load of a structure. 13. EPA sets these standards to protect the health of everybody.

3. Define sentences with complex object and complex subject. Translate.

1. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 2. If considered from this point of view, the problem seems to be rather complicated. 3. Concrete is said to be the most suitable material for modern construction. 4. We expected great changes to take place. 5. This type of mixer is said to have some advantages. 6. Coal is considered to be valuable fuel. 7. We know many articles to have been written on the subject. 8. He is supposed to work at this plant. 9. Concrete is considered to expand when heated. 10. We want him to say a few words on the matter. 11. The sand was found to be too fine to make concrete. 12. This scientist seems to have been working on that problem for 2 years. 13. Copper is likely to be one of the first metals to be used by man. 14. We know computers to be widely used in everyday life and in industry.

4. Translate the following sentences with Complex Subject.

1. Until recent years reinforced concrete was considered to suit only to heavy and massive structures. 2. The beam seemed to be fixed. 3. They are sure to know how the high-rise apartment house (высотный жилой дом) has been constructed in such a short period of time. 4. Metals are known to be divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. 5. This method is supposed to come into wide use in construction industry. 6. Plain concrete is known to have been used from very early days. 7. All metals are known to be good conductors of electricity. 8. In rural areas, people are more likely to drink ground water. 9. The word “geometry” is known to derive from two Greek words: “geo”(earth) and “metron” (measure). 10. The Nile river was often found to overflow its banks and carry away all the landmarks. 11. The civilization of ancient Egypt is said to be more advanced than that of ancient China. 12. Astronomy, philosophy and mathematics are supposed to have been known in Egypt as early as 5000 B.C.

5. Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word in your sentences.

1. It is expected that the strike will end soon. The strike ….

2. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow. The weather ….

3. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. The thieves … 4. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods. Many people …. 5. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoner …. 6. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour.

The man is ….

7. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by fire. The building …. 8. It is said that the company is losing a lot of money. The company ….

9. It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year. The company …. 10. It is expected that the company will lose money this year. The company …. 11. It is said that Cathy works 16 hours a day. Cathy ….

12. It is believed that the missing boy is wearing a white pullover and blue jeans. The missing boy ….

13. It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. Two people ….

6. Translate the following. Pay attention to the structure for + noun/ pronoun + infinitive which expresses possibility, importance, necessity, or value of future events.

Model: It’s impossible for the reaction to take place in the absence of air. –

Невозможно, чтобы реакция произошла без доступа воздуха.

1. It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 2. It’s important for the meeting to start at eight. 3. It seems unnecessary for him to start work this week. 4. I consider it essential for the school to be properly heated. 5. It’s not good for the oil tank to be so close to the house. 6. Our aim is for the students to learn English as quickly as possible. 7. It’s time for everybody to go to bed. 8. It’s interesting for me to read books on architecture. 9. It’s important for the water to be properly treated before being delivered to the community. 10. It was a big mistake for them not to filter the water before using.

UNIT 6