Read the text to divide it into logical parts

Trademark

According to the United Kingdom government, the first trademark legislation was enacted in the late nineteen century. In the United States, the first federal trademark legislation was enacted in 1870. A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, design or combination of words, phrases, symbols. A trademark identifies the source of service rather than a product. A trademark appears on the product or on its packaging, while a service mark appears on advertising for the services. Marks can be divided into several categories: arbitrary or whimsical, suggestive, descriptive. Arbitrary and Whimsical Marks have no obvious association with a particular good or service. Suggestive Marks require the consumer to think over to understand the association between the mark and the product. Descriptive marks describe a product or service through use of a Surname or a geographical word. It may be difficult to register. Trademarks may be granted in titles that identify books or movies. Trademarks are not granted in generic words, phrases, symbols or designs amoral or scandalous words, phrases, symbols or designs; false, misleading or misdescriptive words, phrases, symbols, designs. Trademark are not granted in a domain name. The domain name is considered only an address. The use of domain names including trade or service marks is trademark infringement, just like the use of trademark without a license. You may apply for registration of a trade or service mark after you use a mark on a product on in promotion of a service performed. You may register your company's intention to use a mark prior to its use and the complete application with a sample of its use in commerce. National registration protects your trademark rights, giving your company a legal presumption of first use of the mark in association with particular goods or services. When you apply for registration of a mark, you must submit an application form, drawing of the mark and sample of the mark as you have used it to identify your company's product or service. Receiving full registration of a mark usually takes several years.

Notes

arbitrary – произвольный

whimsical – причудливый

suggestive – заставляющий думать

descriptive – изобразительный, наглядный

misleading – вводящий в заблуждение

misdescriptive – неправильно обозначенный

infringement – нарушение

presumption – основание

to submit – представлять на рассмотрение, затребовать

to identify – выявить

obvious – явный, очевидный, заметный

to require – требовать, приказывать, испытывать необходимость

association- общество, объединение, товарищество

consumer – потребитель, пользователь

to describe – описывать, изображать

to apply – применять; обращаться с просьбой, просить

intention – намерение, умысел, цель, значение

sample – образец, проба, шаблон, модель

presumption – предположение, допущение, вероятность

to submit – подчинять,представлять на рассмотрение

2. Read the text again to answer the following questions:

1. What is a trademark?

2.When can you get a trademark?

3. What is necessary to get a trademark?

4.Which marks are easily registered?

5.What must you do, when you apply for registration of a mark?

6. What do descriptive marks mean?

7.What categories do the following trademarks fall under:

a. Yahoo!

b. Creyhound Buses

c. Smith's plumbing

d. Napa Vally Chardonnay

3. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian:

trademark legislation, federal trademark, combination of words, packaging, can be divided, a particular good, may be granted, amoral or scandalous words, a domain name, trademark infringement, trademark rights, several years, investigation, title, obligation, condition, to register, to appear, design, to require, advertising, source, false, to use a mark, to protect, application form, to consider.

4. Find the English equivalents for the following words and phrases:

слово, фраза, символ, дизайн, источник, знак обслуживания, несколько категорий, трудно зарегистрировать, название, торговля, защищать, образец, произвольный, представлять, ассоциация, дарить, законное предположение, представить на рассмотрение.