What forms of intellectual property do you know?

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property (IP) is the information and original expressions of creative individual inventions; literary and artistic works; symbols; images; names; and designs used in commerce.

Intellectual property is an asset that can be bought, sold, licensed, or given away at no cost. Intellectual property is the group of legal right things that people create or invent. Countries have laws to protect intellectual property for two reasons. One is to give statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of the public in access to those creations. The second is to promote creativity, dissemination and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development.

Intellectual property law aims at safeguarding creators and producers of intellectual goods and services by granting them certain time-limited rights to control the use made of those productions. Those rights do not apply to the physical object in which the creation may be embodied but instead to the intellectual creation.

The basic forms of intellectual property are copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets. The copyright exists to protect original works of authorship, such as books, movies, sound recordings and computer programs.

Copyright.

Copyright is a legal term of the economic rights given to creators of literary and artistic works, including the right to reproduce the work, to make copies, and to perform or display the work publicly. Copyrights offer the protection for music, films, novels, poems, architecture, and other works of cultural value.

Patent.

A patent gives an inventor the exclusive right to prevent others from making, using, and selling a patented invention for a fixed period of time. A patent protects the development and distribution of new technologies.

Trade secrets.

A trade secret is any information used in the operation of business that is valuable to afford an actual or potential economic advantage such as a database of customers, advertising strategies, distribution processes.

Trademarks.

A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design; or combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs; that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods or services. A service mark is the same as a trademark except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. Normally, a trademark appears on the product or on its packaging, while a service mark appears on advertising for the services.

Other forms of Intellectual property.

Some countries protect geographical indications for goods (French cognac, Scotch whiskey). Geographical indications identify geographical origin of goods, where a given quality, reputation is essential attribute to geographic origin. The new forms of Intellectual property sometimes arises. Multimedia productions comes within the notion of creations in the literary, scientific and artistic domain. Internet addresses, domain names indicate unique locations in "cyberspace". The combination of sound, text and images in a digital format which is made by a computer program.

Notes

asset – имущество, актив

intellectual property – интеллектуальная собственность

invention –изобретение

image – образ, изображение

artistic work –произведения литературы и искусства

dissemination – распространение, разглашение

application – применение, использование

to embody –изображать, заключать в себе (какую-либо идею)

to afford – представлять, давать

to distinguish – различать

cyberspace –пространство интернета

digital – цифровой

2. Read the text again to answer the following questions:

1. What does the intellectual property mean?

2.Which reasons for protecting intellectual property do different countries have?

3. What does intellectual property law protect?

4.What is a copyright?

5. What right does the patent give to an inventor?

6.What are other forms of intellectual property?

3. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian:

patent, original expression, creative individual, trademark, intellectual property, asset, legal rights, statutory expression, dissemination, application, physical object, legal term, to reproduce, protection, inventor, exclusive right, to prevent, patented invention, distribution, trade secret, geographical indications, to identify, essential attribute, multimedia productions, scientific.

4. Find the English equivalents for the following words and phrases:

имущество, интеллектуальная собственность, изобретение, пространство интернета, распространение, собственность, представлять, использование, заключать в себе, цифровой, рекламная деятельность, символ, изобретать, культурная ценность, защищать, развитие, торговый знак, за исключением, цифровой, научный.