My Flat

a building		здание
a brick building		кирпичное здание
a wooden building		деревянное здание
a block of flats		многоквартирный дом
5-storeyed		- пятиэтажный
a garage		гараж
a yard		двор
a garden		сад
a vegetable-garden =a kitchen-garden		огород
a playground		игровая площадка
a bench		скамейка
a swing		качели
a sandpit		песочница
a slide		горка
an entrance		подъезд
a floor the ground floor the first floor		этаж первый этаж второй этаж
a flat= an apartment a 1-room flat		квартира однокомнатная квартира
to face= to overlook		выходить окнами в
a living room		жилая комната
a sitting room		гостиная
a children’s room		детская комната
a bedroom		спальня
a study		кабинет
a dining-room		столовая
a kitchen		кухня
a bathroom		ванная
a toilet= a lavatory		туалет
a hall		прихожая
a balcony		балкон
well-equipped		хорошо оборудованный
well-planned.		хорошо спланированный
comfortable = convenient		удобный
cosy		уютный
spacious		просторный
light		светлый
dark		тёмный
warm		тёплый
cold		холодный
a floor		пол
a ceiling		потолок
a wall		стена
a window		окно
a door		дверь
modern conveniences		современные удобства
electricity		электричество
gas		газ
central heating		центральное отопление
running (hot and cold) water		водопровод (горячая и холодная вода)
rubbish chute		мусоропровод
lift		лифт
telephone		телефон
furniture		мебель

1. Текст

Nick Nelson About His Flat

Let me introduce myself. My name is Nick Nelson. I am married. My family is not large: my wife, my son and I. We live in a new 16-storeyed block of flats in London. It is situated in the center of the city. There are 5 entrances in the building.

Near the house, in the yard you can see the playground. It is very convenient and our children can play and walk there. There are swings, slides, sandpits and benches on the playground. Many families in our house have cars. That’s why on the right of the house you can see our garages. There is a big supermarket on the ground floor and it’s very convenient to do everyday shopping.

We live in the second entrance. Our flat is on the fifth floor. It is rather large and comfortable and well-planned. There are four rooms in our flat. We have a sitting-room, a bedroom, a children’s room, a bedroom and a study. Besides we have a kitchen, a bathroom, a lavatory and a hall. There is also a balcony. It overlooks the yard.

The largest room in our flat is the living room and we use it as a dining room and as a sitting room. We have a large window in this room, that’s why it is very light. In the middle of the room there is a big table and six chairs round it. Opposite the window there is a wall unit with lots of books, a TV-set and a video cassette recorder. There are two comfortable armchairs and a small coffee table in the right-hand corner. There is also a sofa and a n electric fire in our living room. We like the living room very much, because we spend much time together in it. We like to have tea, to watch TV, to talk and to have rest in our living room.

Our bedroom is not large but very cosy. There is a bed, a wardrobe, two bedside tables and a mirror in the bedroom. Pictures on the walls and a thick carpet make our bedroom still more cosy and comfortable.

Our son’s room is very warm and cosy. You can see a bed, a wardrobe, a desk and a chair and a small sofa. On the wall there are some shelves with children’s books. On the floor you can see a carpet. And, of course, there are toys everywhere. My son likes his room very much.

My study is the smallest room in our flat. There is only a desk with a computer on it, a chair, an armchair, a shelf on the wall and a bookcase with a lot of books. I like to work here and to spend time when I want to be alone.

Our kitchen is large and light. It is very well-equipped. We have got a refrigerator, a microwave oven, a coffeemaker and a toaster. My wife spends a lot of time in the kitchen.

We have all modern conveniences in our flat, such as central heating, electricity, gas, cold and hot running water and a telephone. We have a rubbish chute and a lift in our house. It is very convenient.

We love our flat. There is no place like home.

Грамматика:

1. Оборот “There+to be”.

В английском языке широко употребляются предложения, начинающиеся с оборота “There+to be” со значением есть, имеется, находится, существует. Данный оборот употребляется, когда нужно сообщить о наличии или отсутствии какого-либо предмета или лица в определённом месте. Глагол to be согласуется в числе с подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним. Таким образом, можно выделить следующие обороты:

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
Ед. число	Мн. число	Ед. число	Мн. число
There is	There are	There was	There were	There will be

Порядок слов в таких предложениях следующий:


There+to be	Что?	Где?
There is There are There was There were There will be	an interesting book 5 red flowers an old bench swings a new playground	on the table. in the vase. near the entrance door. in the yard. not far from the house.

Перевод предложений начинается с обстоятельства места (времени) или со сказуемого, если обстоятельство места отсутствует (т.е. с конца предложения).

Например: There is an interesting book on the table. – На столе интересная книга.

В отрицательных предложениях частица not (неполное отрицание) или местоимение no (полное отрицание) ставятся после глагола to be, перед подлежащим.

Например: There is no playground near our house. – Возле дома нет игровой площадки.

There is not a large playground near our house. – Возле дома не большая игровая площадка.

В вопросительных предложениях в настоящем и будущем времени глагол to be в соответствующей форме ставится перед словом there, а в будущем времени перед there выносятся shall / will.

Примеры образования утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных форм:

+ There are three nice roses in the vase.

There were old benches in the yard.

There will be a new playground not far from the house.

- There are not three nice roses in the vase.

There were not old benches in the yard.

There will not be a new playground not far from the house.

? 1)общий

Are there three nice roses in the vase?

Ответ: Yes, there are. There are three nice roses in the vase.

Were there old benches in the yard?

Ответ: Yes, there were. There were old benches in the yard.

Will there be a new playground not far from the house?

Ответ: Yes, there will. There will be a new playground not far from the house.

2)альтернативный

Are there three or five nice roses in the vase?

Ответ: There are three nice roses in the vase.

Were there old or new benches in the yard?

Ответ: There were old benches in the yard.

Will there be a new playground not far from the house?

Ответ: There will be a new playground not far from the house.

3)a)разделительный(+)

There are three nice roses in the vase, aren’t there?

Ответ: Yes, there are. There are three nice roses in the vase.

There were old benches in the yard, weren’t there?

Ответ: Yes, there were. There were old benches in the yard.

There will be a new playground not far from the house, won’t there?

Ответ: Yes, there will. There will be a new playground not far from the house.

b)разделительный (-)

There are not three nice roses in the vase, are there?

Ответ: Yes, there are. There are not three nice roses in the vase.

There were not old benches in the yard, were there?

Ответ: Yes, there were. There were not old benches in the yard.

There will not be a new playground not far from the house, will there?

Ответ: Yes, there will. There will not be a new playground not far from the house.

4)a) специальный (nice)

What kind of roses are there in the vase?

b) специальный (three)

How many nice roses are there in the vase?

c)специальный (old)

What kind of benches were there in the yard?

d)специальный (new)

What kind of playground will there be not far from the house?

5)вопрос к подлежащему

What is there in the vase?

What was there in the yard?

What will there be not far from the house?

Кроме оборота “There+to be” в английском языке есть другие конструкции, которые имеют значение быть, находиться, иметься. Но не- смотря на схожесть значений у этих конструкций, необходимо различать такие предложения.

конструкции	примеры
There+to be	There is a garage in the yard. - Во дворе гараж.
To be	The garage is in the yard. – Гараж во дворе.
To have	We have a garage in the yard. – У нас во дворе гараж.
You can see	You can see a garage in the yard. – Вы можете видеть гараж во дворе.