Perfect Tenses

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III. Перевод текста. (40 мин) Направлено на формирование компетенции ОК-5.

All the existing microorganisms can be divided into two main groups – aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic microorganisms must have free atmospheric oxygen for their life and growth. However one knows that free oxygen is not favourable for the development of anaerobic microorganisms.

Bacteria vary in shape and according to this feature they are divided into some groups. Spherical bacteria have been called cocci. They are also subdivided into several groups. Rod-shaped bacteria are called bacilli.

When bacteria multiply they divide. The growing organism increases in size up to a certain limit and in due time divides. The process of division depends on the conditions of the environment.

Any minute virulent microorganisms may invade the human body. But due to the local protective agents of the human body they are destroyed. In this case no disease occurs.

However the local protective agents of the human body are not always able to destroy completely the invading microorganisms. It is known that in such a case a local or general infection may occur.

Most of the microorganisms produce diseases when they enter the tissue and destroy it. If one examines under the microscope the alveoli of the lung of the man with lobar pneumonia a great number of pneumococci can be revealed. While the disease persists the lung may be considerably impaired because of the consolidations which may develop in it.

But the human body can fight against the microorganisms which have passed its first protective barriers, i.e. skin and mucous membranes.

The prominent Russian scientist I.I. Mechnikov had made investigations before he was able to come to the conclusion that leucocytes could catch and destroy certain microbes. I.I. Mechnikov called them phagocytes or microbe cell destroyers.

IV. Подведение итогов 1 семестра. Ознакомление студентов с рейтингом – 15 мин.