2015-04-01
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| mouth | зд. подножие |
| sovereign | суверенный, независимый |
| triangle | треугольник |
| to offer | предлагать |
| to penetrate | проникать внутрь; входить, проходить |
| to be founded | быть основанным |
| to incorporate | соединять(ся), объединять(ся); принимать, включать в число членов |
| production capacity | производственная мощность, потенциал |
| eсonomic recession | экономический спад |
| to some degree | до некоторой степени |
| cede | сдавать (территорию) |
| processing | обработка, переработка |
| extraction | добыча, извлечение |
| sale | продажа |
| oil | нефть |
| significantly | значительно |
| estimate | оценивать, приблизительно подсчитывать |
| well over | далеко за |
| refining | очистка; перегонка |
| assembly | монтаж, сборка |
| communication device | устройство связи |
| petrochemicals | нефтехимические продукты |
| engineering | машиностроение |
| machine-tool | металлорежущий станок; станочная (автоматизированная) система |
| vehicle | автомобиль, автотранспортное средство, машина (автобус, трактор, танк и т.д.) |
| ferrous metal | черный металл, сплав на основе черных металлов |
| forestry | лесоводчество; лесное хозяйство |
| cotton | хлопок |
| wool | шерсть |
| fabric | материал, ткань, материя |
| artificial | искусственный |
| leather | кожа |
| tinned | консервированный |
| dairy | молочный |
| rank | занимать какое-либо место |
Questions
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1. What kind of republic is Bashkortostan?
2. What territories does Bashkortostan border?
3. When was Ufa founded?
4. What is the total population of Bashkortostan?
5. What does the Russian treaty cede to and grant Bashkortostan?
6. What do the main foreign investment projects include?
7. What are the main industries of Bashkortostan?
8. Is Bashkortostan among Russia’s top producers of grain, potatoes, meat and sugar beet?
Ufa
The city of Ufa – the capital of Bashkortostan – is the centre of political, economic and social transformations taking place in the Republic.
Ufa was founded by a detachment of Russian archers (streltsi) as a fortress in 1574. In 1588 Ufa was granted a town status and became Bashkiria’s administrative centre. Gradually it developed into a trade mediator between European and Siberan towns.
In 1922 the city becomes the capital of the Bashkir Autonomous Republic within the Russian Federation. Ufa today is a major industrial, agrarian, scientific and cultural centre of the Republic. The city covers the area of 468,4 sq.km and its population is over 110000 people.
About 40 percent of the Republic’s industrial capacity is concentrated in Ufa. The city’s oil refineries and petrochemical facilities annually consume more than 35 mln. tons of oil. The engineering industry, accounting for more than 25 percent of the capital’s industrial output, produces a wide range of items. There are considerable capacities of the building materials industry, and timber-processing. Light and food industries are also developed.
Ufa ranks high in the country as to the production of diesel fuel, petrol, petrochemicals, herbicides, caustic soda. The city exports machinery and equipment, raw materials and finished items, consumer goods.
Bashkir State University, Bashkir Academy of Sciences, many R&D institutes are all stationed in Ufa. The city can boast of five theatres, a philharmonic society, dozens of cinemas and culture centres.
Ufa develops foreign economic relations in the fields of science, production and construction with companies from Germany, Italy, Austria, Japan, Belgium, Hungary and other countries. Ties are being established in the fields of culture, tourism, hunting in Bashkir forests.
Ufa is advantageously placed to make it a convenient juncture of rail-, air- and riverway routes. Works are in progress to accommodate international flights at the city airport, and customs area has been established.
