Vocabulary

island nation		островное государство
constitutional monarchy		конституционная монархия
European union		Европейский союз
to comprise		включать
numerous		многочисленные
constituent		составляющий
administratively		административно
entities		зд. субъекты
single		зд. единая
dependencies		находящийся в зависимости
overall length	[lεŋθ]	общая протяженность
maximum width	[widθ]	максимальная ширина
indented		зд. изрезанная
scenery	[´si:neri]	пейзаж
dramatically		резко
diversity	[dai´ve:siti]	разнообразие
deposits	[di´pכzits]	отложения
glaciation		обледенение
principality		княжество
North Sea		Северное море
interchangeably		взаимозаменяемо
to accept		принимать, допускать
strictly speaking		строго говоря
include		включать
shape		форма
spectacular		впечатляющий
valley		долина
latitude	[´lætitju:d]	широта (геогр)
prevailing		преобладающий
moderate	[pri´veiliŋ]	умеренный
depressions		циклоны
mean		средний
average annual precipitation		среднегодовое количество осадков
in terms of		говоря о чем-либо
GNP (Gross Nation Product)		валовой национальный продукт

Переведите на английский язык:

1. Официальное название Великобритании – Соединен­ное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ир­ландии.

2. Соединенное королевство является конституцион­ной монархией.

3. Северная Ирландия занимает северо-восточную часть острова Ирландия.

4. Ла-Манш отделяет Соединенное Королевство от континентальной Европы.

Используйте следующие выражения для пе­ресказа текста:

1. As I understood from the text...

2. According to the text...

3. According to the author...

4. As it is described in the text …

5. As it is said in the text …

6. As the author puts it …

7. According to the figures (data, information, opinions) from the text …

USA

The United States of America is the 4^th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It occupies the central part of the North American continent.

The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states including the states of Alaska and Hawaii. Outlying areas include Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.

The northern boundary is partly formed by the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River; the southern boundary is partly formed by the Rio Grande. United States also has a sea-border with Russia.

The total area of the United States (including the District of Columbia) is 9,809,155 sq km, of which 1,700,139 sq km are in Alaska and 28,313 sq km are in Hawaii. Inland waters cover 507,788 sq km of the total area.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, with the Great Lakes included. There are also many rivers on the US territory. The longest of them are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, the Rio Grande and some others. On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is located in Alaska.

The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineer­ing and others.

Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country population is over 250 mln. The national symbol of the USA is its national flag «Stars and Stripes», having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolising the number of the original and present day states.

Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia. The states differ in size, population and economic development. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia on the banks of the Potomac river and is named after the 1^st US President – George Washington. There are many large cities in the country: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Cleveland and some others.

The United States of America is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives – the population. The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration (Vice-President and Cabinet of Ministers). The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of Federal, state and district courts.

There are several political parties in the USA, the largest of them are the Republican (symbolised by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolised by an elephant).