Vocabulary. · contemporary - современный

· merchant - купец

· connoisseur - знаток

· studio - студия

· contemporary - современный

· little by little - мало-помалу, понемногу

· to extend - расширить

· range of interest - круг интересов

· wing- крыло, флигель, пристройка к дому

· to open to the public - открыть для посетителей

· to donate - преподносить в качестве дара, передавать в дар

· private collection - частная коллекция

· to reflect - отражать

· icon - икона

· to contain - содержать

· to devote to - посвящать (чему-либо, кому-либо)

· magnificent - великолепный

· celebrity - знаменитость

· to represent - представлять

· to link - связывать

· portrait - портрет

· still-life - натюрморт (мн.число still-lifes)

· landscape - пейзаж

· seascape - морской пейзаж

· further on - далее

· cream - цвет, "сливки", самое лучшее

· turn-of-the century - начало века

· canvas - холст, полотно

· to house - помещать, размещать

· research - научно-исследовательский

The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the best-known picture galleries in Russia. It takes its name from its founder Pavel Tretyakov, a Moscow merchant and art connoisseur.

In the mid-19th century, Tretyakov began to collect Russian paintings.

He visited all the exhibitions and art studios and bought the best pictures of contemporary artists. He was especially fond of the works of the Peredvizhniki (or Wanderers) — the artists who belonged to the Society of Travelling Art Exhibitions. Little by little Tretyakov extended his range of interest and began to collect earlier Russian paintings. More than once he had to add wings to his house in Lavrushinsky Pereulok, because his collection grew larger and larger.

In 1881 Pavel Tretyakov opened his collection to the public. 11 years later he donated it to the city of Moscow. Since then the gallery has received hundreds of pictures from other museums and private collections.

The Tretyakov Gallery reflects the whole history of Russian art, from the 11th century to the present day.

It has a rich collection of old Russian icons. The world-famous icon is The Trinity, painted in the early 15th century by Andrei Rublev.

The gallery contains halls devoted to the magnificent works of such 18th-century celebrities as Rokotov, Levitsky, Borovikovsky, Shchedrin.

The first half of the 19th century is represented by brilliant paintings by Bryullov, Tropinin, Ivanov, Venetsianov. The second half of the 19th century is especially well represented. The gallery has the best collection of the Peredvizhniki, such as Kramskoy, Perov, Ghe, Yaroshenko, Myasoyedov, and others. Linked with the Peredvizhniki are such great names in Russian art as Surikov, Repin, Vereshchagin, Vasnetsov, Levitan. There you can see historical paintings, portraits, still-lifes, landscapes, seascapes, etc.

Further on we find the cream of turn-of-the century Russian art: Serov, Vrubel, Kustodiev.

Canvases of modern painters are housed in the new building situated on Krymskaya Naberezhnaya (Crimean Embankment).

The Tretyakov Gallery is not only Russia's biggest and most important museum of Russian Art. It's also a research, cultural and educational centre.