2015-04-01
431
Заочного отделения 2 курс, 2 семестр
Вариант № 1
1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Participle:
1. Oxygen is too chemically reactive to appear on Earth without the photosynthetic action of living organisms.
2. The plan may be useful when corrected.
3. Written in pencil the text was difficult to read.
4. While reading I made some notes.
2. Определите предложения, в которых частица to является признаком инфинитива и правильно переведите все задание:
1. His experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.
2. O2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere.
3. Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms.
4. It is not difficult to remember this rule.
5. She is pleasant to deal with.
3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на страдательный залог:
1. Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O.
2. It was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition.
3. Elemental oxygen is produced by cyanobacteria, algae and plants, and is used in cellular respiration for all complex life.
4. Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first.
5. Oxygen is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquefied air.
4. Переведите предложения с русского на английский:
1. Чтобы взять книгу, нужно пойти в библиотеку.
2. Если меня пригласят, я обязательно пойду.
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3. Разговаривая с ним несколько дней назад, я забыл спросить о здоровье его сестры.
4. Возьми плащ, возможно, пойдет дождь.
5. Так как нам показали неправильное направление, мы заблудились.
Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст, выписывая незнакомые слова.
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots oxys "acid", literally "sharp", referring to the sour taste of acids and -genēs "producer", literally "begetter", because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition. Oxygen is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, and is a highly reactive nonmetallic element that readily forms compounds (notablyoxides) with almost all other elements. By mass, oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust, making up almost half of the crust's mass. Free oxygen is too chemically reactive to appear on Earth without the photosynthetic action of living organisms, which use the energy of sunlight to produce elemental oxygen from water. Elemental O2 only began to accumulate in the atmosphere after the evolutionary appearance of these organisms, roughly 2.5 billion years ago. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the volume of air.
Because it comprises most of the mass in water, oxygen comprises most of the mass of living organisms (for example, about two-thirds of the human body's mass). All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. Elemental oxygen is produced by cyanobacteria, algae and plants, and is used in cellular respiration for all complex life. Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms, which were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O3), helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation with the high-altitude ozone layer, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog. At even higher low earth orbit altitudes atomic oxygen is a significant presence and a cause of erosion for spacecraft.
Oxygen was independently discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion. Oxygen is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquefied air, use of zeolites with pressure-cycling to concentrate oxygen from air, electrolysis of water and other means. Uses of oxygen include the production of steel, plastics and textiles; rocket propellant; oxygen therapy; and life support in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.
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Вариант № 2
1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Participle:
1. It plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry with many reactions exchanging protons between soluble molecules.
2. Hydrogen produces water when burned.
3. People living at that time in the town could see a great fire.
4. The plan may be useful when corrected.
5. The text was translated into English.
2. Определите предложения, в которых частица to является признаком инфинитива и правильно переведите все задание:
1. Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance.
2. The plan proved to be a great success.
3. The owner of the motor car wanted the old engine to be replaced.
4. Everybody thought him to be quite a reliable person.
5. The results of the test were found to very interesting.
3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на страдательный залог:
1. Hydrogen is represented by the symbol H.
2. Stars in the main sequence are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state.
3. Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century.
4. Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market.
4. Переведите предложения с русского на английский:
1. Она очень занята, чтобы поговорить с тобой.
2. Девушка, которая пишет на доске – наша лучшая ученица.
3. Вчера мне рассказали интересные новости.
4. Неужели она болеет?
5. Первый приз был получен нашей командой.
