2015-04-30
1540
hand п 1) рука; 2) работник, исполнитель; 3) pi. команда корабля; 4) почерк; 5) стрелка (часовая); 6) участие в чем-л. v передавать, вручать
1. Where can I wash my hands?
2. Will you hand me that pencil?
3. You can see his hand in this experiment.
4. He worked several years as a farm hand.
5. Do you have a hand in this project?
6. The hour hand of my watch is broken. 7. The letter was written in a strange hand. 8. He handed me a telegram.
14. Переведите данные предложения без словаря, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.
1 a) I never have any trouble getting the car started.
b) There is some trouble with the central heating system
c) Cars with engine troubles of this sort are easily repaired at every service station.
d) Stoppage of fuel supply caused serious trouble in the engine.
2. a) The bombers were quickly converted for use by passengers by
fitting extra seats and windows.
b) Have you got an extra ticket?
c) On Sundays they run an extra train.
d) People who work and study get extra leave during examination time.
3. a) After World War II, bigger and faster airliners appeared.
b) If you can get a ticket for the fast train, you'll get there in the morning
c) Which of you runs faster?
d) The plane is the fastest means of transport.
4. a) Helicopters gain in needing very little space for takmg-off and
landing.
b) You can gain by watching how she works.
c) The plane rapidly gained height.
15. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на союзы условных придаточных предложений if, unless, provided.
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1. If they needed the equipment urgently, we could transport it by plane.
2. The accident would not have happened, if they had been more careful.
3. If I were in his place, I would refuse to stop the experiment.
4. If the goods are shipped in April, they will arrive before the expedition starts.
5.The sputnik will keep to its orbit provided it travels at the uniform speed of 8 kilometres per second.
6. It would have been impossible to send up sputniks unless the laws governing the motion of planets had been studied
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| LISTENING PRACTICE |
| 7 If I were you I would first test the car. 8 You'll fail in English unless you work harder. |
1. Usually people travel by air if they want to save time But sometimes gangsters and robbers fly by plane in order to escape from the police
a) Listen to the story 'Two Parachutes". Be ready to answer the questions below and try to explain why there were two parachutes and not one.
1. Whom did the man kidnap?
2. Where did he hide the child"7
3 How much money did he ask for?
4. Why didn't he take the child with him as a hostage?
5. Did he have a ticket for the plane?
6. If you were a hostess what would you have thought when the man took you to the exit door with two parachutes?
7. What kmd of parachutes would you have given him?
8. What can you say about this man's plan of escape?
9. What happened to the man after he had jumped alone from the plane?
b) Retell the story.
c) Say what you would have done if
- you were kidnapped,
- you were the pilot,
- you were one of the passengers;
- you were the parents of the kidnapped child;
- you were the detective who was after this man.
2. Since early days people have dreamed of flying. At first it was only a dream (remember the myth about Ikarus!). In the 20th century airplanes and spaceships appeared. Now we have also the hang-glider.
a) Read the definition of the word hang-glider and try to find a Russian equivalent for it.
A hang-glider is an aircraft, often without an engine. It can go with the wind or against it. The pilot can change direction by moving the control bar. Hang-gliders rise and fall with movements in the air. For example, near hills they usually go up.
b) You are going to assist the lecturer who is speaking about hang- gliders. Listen to his lecture called "Hang-gliding" and arrange the pictures below in the order which corresponds to the text of the lecture. (Be attentive — not all of them illustrate the lecture.)
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c) Read the transcription of the text on p 435 Look up the words you do not know in your dictionary.
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| ORAL PRACTICE |
1. Topic. An aircraft of the 21st century.
A conference of aircraft engineers will be held in a month in London. You have the opportunity to express your idea for an aircraft for the 21st century. In your report present information on:
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1) the type of an aircraft which will be used in future (a supersonic plane, a turbo-jet plane, a helicopter, a jet-propelled plane),
2) the type and the number of engines which will be installed on this aircraft;
3) the speed this aircraft will fly at;
4) the number of passengers it will seat;
5) the distance it will be able to cover;
6) the fuel it will use,
7) the conveniences for the passengers which will be provided;
8) the number of pilots and flight attendants.
2. Think of some good questions for the following answers The answers needn't be true.
1. Low clouds. 6 Unlikely.
2. Alone. 7. Nearly 100 km.
3. Because of the weather. 8. The pilot.
4. Too quickly. 9. Thank you.
5. Urgently. 10. Only forward
3. In the airport "Sheremetjevo" a reporter meets the millionth passenger He interviews him.
REPORTER: You are a reporter of the "Moscow News". You are going to publish an article about the millionth passenger of "Aeroflot". You can put the following questions:
What's your name? What country are you from? What are you by profession? How often do you travel by air? Did you enjoy the flight?
Think of some other questions.
PASSENGER: You are Tom (Helen) Smith, the representative of a firm which has contracts with Russian plants. Russian Aeroflot presented you with a miniature model of a Russian airliner. It is a very nice souvenir. You are quite happy and eager to answer all the reporter's questions.
4. Discussion. John Smith, a tourist from Great Britain, is going from Moscow to Peterhof which is not far from St. Petersburg He doesn't know what means of transport to choose - a plane or a train. Give him advice
a) John Smith has already put down some of the pros and cons of each means of transport. Read them and think of some more.
| Plane | Train |
| For | For |
| 1 The speed is very high 2. The (light is very short 3 You can see beautiful clouds in the sky, if the weather is line. | 1 You can travel in comfort 2. It takes you little time to get to the railway station. 3 You can go by train in any weather. 4. 'ITiere are porters who will cany your luggage. |
| Against | Against |
| 1. If the weather is poor you will have to sit in the airport and wait for your plane for hours. 2. It takes you a lot of lime to gel to the airport. 3. A plane is not a very safe means of transport | 1 The speed is not very high. 2. The trip is quite long. 3. You sleep badly on the train. |
b) Discuss the problem in groups of 3-5 students m order to take a decision.
c) -Fill in the chart and give your reasons
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | |
| It is better to go by plane. | ||||
| It is better to go by train. |
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READING PRACTICE
A) Since ancient times people have dreamt of having the ability to fly like birds. Tbey created a tragic myth about Icarus, who made wings connected with wax. He did not obey his father and flew too close to the sun, so his wings melted and he fell to his death. Read the text below and write an outline for it.
TEXT 10A
AIR TRANSPORT
1. Modern air transport using craft which is heavier than air requires a good deal of power merely to stay in the air It is for this reason that air transport uses more fuel to carry a ton over a distance of a mile than land or water transport Another drawback of air transport is that whereas a ship, truck or train whose engines break down can stop until they are mended, an aircraft with the same trouble must land This means that an aircraft must have several engines and this increases its cost. Safety precautions for air transport also tend to make it expensive It cannot be relied upon for regular services in places or seasons with low clouds and mist The great advantage of air transport being its high speed, all civilized countries try to develop it. If you want to save time, you will naturally fly by air
2. Balloons. The earliest form of air transport was balloons, which are sometimes called "free balloons" because having no engines they are forced to drift by the wind flow This fact alone makes balloons not reliable enough for carrying people If they were safer, they would be used more for transportation, but at present the scientists use balloons mostly for obtainmg information about the upper atmosphere, its density, and other scientific subjects Weather balloons are particularly used by meteorologists They carry instruments whose readings are automatically sent back to the ground by the radio, the position of the balloon being obtained by radar Small balloons released from air-fields are observed to obtain the direction and strength of the wind
3. Aeroplanes The heavier-than-air machines called aeroplanes were rather slow in being adopted for transport The first aeroplane flight was made m 1884.
World War I quickened the development of aeroplanes enormously. By 1918 they were no longer unreliable tilings capable of only short flights, but powerful machines able to carry heavy loads at high speeds for long distances. What was more, the ending of the war meant that thousands of aeroplanes and skilled pilots were available
The first aeroplanes were machines that had been used as bombers They were quickly converted for use by passengers by fitting extra seats and windows The first regular public air service from London to Paris was started in August 1919.
4 During World War II the value of aeroplanes for carrying heavy loads was recognized This led after the war to an increase in the practice of sending goods by air Air freight is expensive but is often thought worth while for such goods as earlv vegetables, fruit and flowers, as well as for 252 things urgently needed such as spare parts for machinery, medical supplies, films and photographs. Some parts of the world are hundreds of miles from a road, railway or waterway, and air transport is the only possible kind of transport. Such places are kept supplied wholly by air
5. After World War II, bigger and faster airliners were introduced. Jet- propelled aircraft were first used in 1950. Air transport is very valuable for emergency medical work. The most important use of air transport besides carrying passengers is carrying mail. If the letters are sent by air mail, they are not long in coming Although it is unlikely that aircraft will ever replace ships for carrying heavy and bulky cargoes such as oil, coal, minerals, grain and machinery, air transport is already proving a serious rival to passenger ships on some routes
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6. Helicopters and Hovercraft.1 Helicopters are very useful in places where there is no room for long, flat runways.2 Modem turbo-jet airliners need a run of nearly two miles long to take off, but helicopters can use small fields, platforms mounted on ships and the flat tops of buildings. Helicopters were first introduced for regular airline service in 1947. Later, helicopters were used for carrying passengers and mail on short routes, and for takmg airline passengers between the centres of cities and the main airports.
7. While helicopters gain m needing very little space for taking-off and landing, they lose because the speed at which they move forward is quite low. So the problem was to develop an aircraft combining the advantages of the helicopter with the high speed of an ordinary aircraft. If the designers could develop such a machine the problem would be solved. So for this purpose the hovercraft was designed. Hovercrafts are likely to be useful for ferry services - for example, in ferrying motor cars across the English Channel. They may also be useful for travel in roadless countries.3
