2015-05-23
1051
After Norman invasion continued to develop the dialect: Northern dialect(бывший Northumbrian), East-Midland(Mercian), West_midlend(Mercian), South-Eastern(Kentish), South-Western(Wesseks).
Short vowel -у краткого -а- - сохранился во всех диалектах. -а- или-о- befor nosal: in east-Midland закрепилось(fix) –о- (con), в остальных закрепилось – а- (can). -æ- (лигатура) – found во всех диалектах, но сам значок не существовал. Зап-центр, Кент - -æ turn into –е- (wæs – wes). In the rest - -æ перешел в –а- (wæs – was). e- во всех диалектах без изменений. о – без изменений. i – без измененй. u - без изменений. y – в разных диалектах развивалось по разному: сев, вост-центр –/y/-/i/ и в последствии знак –y- стал обозначать только этот звук (bisy). Wентр, юго-зап – letter –u- стала обозначать звук /ü/ (busy). Кент – /y/ - /e/ (besy). y-i –labialization. Y-e –labial+opening. Y-u. The vowels [y] and [y:] existed in OE dialects up to the 10th c., when they were replaced by [e], [e:] in Kentish and confused with [ie] and [ie:] or [i] and [i:] in WS. In Early ME the dialectal differences grew. In some areas OE [y], [y:] developed into [e], [e:], in others they changed to [i], [i:]; in the South-West and in the West Midlands the two vowels were for some time preserved as [y], [y:], but later were moved backward and merged with [u], [u:]
Long vowels – This was and early instance of the growing tendency of all long monophthongs to become closer, so [a:] became [o:] in all the dialects except the Northern group (hām – hōm, stān – stōn) -ō- иногда depicts as digraph –оа-. Долгая æ(была только в Уэссекском диалекте) преходит в –ē- открытую. (изображалась диграфом –еа-). OE slæpan – ME slēpan В других диалектах –æ- (являлась результатом умлаута) перещла в –ē- закрытое. (изображалась диграфом –ее-). ē – ēзакр. ō- ōзакр., ū – без изменений, ī- без изменений.
OE diphthongs in ME were monophtongonized. ea – a (healf- half). eo: Сначала ео прешло в гласный ö(который изображался как ео и просуществовал а зап-центр и юго-зап диалектах до 14в.) В остальных диалектах с 12 в. ö пререшел в –е-) heorte- herte. Долгий ea преходит в ē откр. hleapan – lepen. Долгий eo – ē закр. (изображался как –ее) seon – sen.
One of the mosl important sound change:, of the Early ME period was the loss of OE diphthongs and the growth of new diphthongs, with new qualitative and quantitative changes. Long and short: [ea:], [eo:], [ie:] and [ea], [eo], [ie]. Towards the end of the OE period some of the diphthongs merged with monophthongs: all diphthongs were monophthongised before [xt], [x’t] and after [sk’]; the diphthongs [ie:], [ie] in Late WS fused with [y:], [y] or [i:], [i]. In Early ME the remaining diphthongs were also contracted to monophthongs: the long [ea:] coalesced (united) with the reflex of OE [ǽ:] – ME [ε:]; the short [ea] ceased to be distinguished from OE [æ] and became [a] in ME; the diphthongs [eo:], [eo] – as well as their dialectal variants [io:], [io] – fell together with the monophthongs [e:], [e], [i:], [i]. As a result of these changes the vowel system lost two sets of diphthongs, long and short. In the meantime anew set of diphthongs developed from some sequences of vowels and consonants due to the vocalization of OE [j] and [γ], that is to their change into vowels. In Early ME the sounds [j] and [γ] between and after vowels changed into [i] and [u] and formed diphthongs together with the preceding vowels, e.g. OE dæз > ME day [dai]. These changes gave rise to two sets of diphthongs: with i-glides and u-glides. The same types of diphthongs appeared also from other sources: the glide -u developed from OE [w] as in OE snāw, which became ME snow [snou], and before [x] and [l] as in Late ME smaul and taughte.
