Ex. 1 p. 182

Indo-European: summer (German Sommer, Sanskrit samā season), will (German wollen, Latin velle), I (German ich, Latin ego, рус. я), mother (German Mutter, Latin māter, рус. мать), stand (German stehen, Latin stāre, рус. стоять), arm (German Arm, Latin armus), moon (German Mond, Latin mensis), shoot (German sciessen, Old Slavonic iskydati, рус. скидывать), by (Dutch bij, German bei, Sanskrit abhi), tree (Greek doru, рус. древо), me (German mir, Latin mē, рус. меня), goose (German Gans, Greek khēn, Sanskrit hainsas, рус. гусь), car (Latin carra), heart (Latin cor, Greek kardia, рус. сердце), sun (German Sonne, Latin sol, Greek helios, рус. солнце), one (German ein, Latin unus, Greek oinē рус. один), eye (German Auge, Sanskrit aksi, рус. око), foot (Old Saxon fot, Old Norse fotr, Dutch voet, Old High German fuoz, Gothic fotus, German Fuß, Sanskrit pat, accusative padam, Greek pos, Latin pes, genitive pedis), be (Latin fui, Greek phuein, Sanskrit bhavati, рус. быть); Common Germanic: shall (Dutch zal, German soll), bridge (Dutch brug, German Brücke), stone (Dutch steen, German Stein), drive (Dutch drijven, German treiben), under (Dutch onder, German unter), hope (Dutch hoop, German hopper), ice (Dutch ijs, German Eis), life (Dutch lijf, German Leib), skirt (Old Norse skyrta), coal (Old Norse kol, Old High German kolo, Old Irish gūal), bull (German Bulle), white (Dutch wit, German Wiess).

Ex. 2 p. 183

a) turkey, b) fruit, apricot, orange, water-melon, banana, grapes, cherry, melonfig, lemon, mango, c) cattle, lamb, donkey, rabbit.

Ex. 3 p. 183

Bin, cart, car, bard, flannel, whisky, slogan, mackintosh.

Ex. 6 p. 184

Scabby – shabby, nay – no, ward – guard, off – of, route – rout, salon – saloon, chivalry – cavalry, papyrus – paper, thorough – through, shirt – skirt, shell – scale, disc – disk, mayor – major, screw – shrew, chart – cart, shadow – shade, artiste – artist, pauper – poor, hotel – hospital – hostel, channel – canal, jail – gaol, sir – senior, loyal – legal.

Ex. 9 p. 185

1. k. Cuban, 2. e. Arabic, 3. h. Italian, 4. a. French, 5. j. Turkish, 6. g. Norwegian, 7. c. Yiddish, 8. i. Balti, 9. f. German, 10. b. Japanese, 11. l. Russian, 12. d. Greek.

Ex. 10 p. 186

1. c. that is < Lat. id est; 2. h. loan translation < German Lehnübersetzung; 3. i. flea market < French marché aux puces; 4. d. lose face < Chinese diū liǎn; 5. l. paper tiger < Chinese zhǐ lǎohǔ; 6. a. crime of passion < French crime passionel; 7. e. by heart < French par cœur; 8. f. marriage of convenience < French mariage de convenance; 9. g. masterpiece < German Meisterstück; 10. j. rainforest < German Regenwald; 11. b. commonplace < Lat. locu s commūnis < Greek koinos topos; 12. k. gospel (good + spell) < Greek evangelion (good news).