Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. In what way are sands and sandstones formed?

2. What is the difference between pore openings in limestones and those of sands and sandstones?

3. How are pore spaces formed in limestones?

4. What is porosity?

5. On what does high porosity depend?

6. What kind of oil sands/ coarse grained or fine-grained/ produce oil in paying quantities?

II. Переведите на русский язык:

1. Sedimentary rocks containing sufficient pore space permit accumulation of petroleum and often serve as underground reservoirs for the latter.

2. Coarse-grained oil sands have sufficient pore space for oil and gas to be accumulated in paying quantities.

3. Having resulted from sedimentation and later compaction by the overlying strata, sandstones, consisting, of grains of different size and shape arranged in such a manner as to occupy as little space as possible/ according to the law of physics/, still have high effective porosity as compared with hard compact formations such as igneous rocks.

4. The accumulation of oil in paying quantities is greatly influenced by the size of interstitial openings or pores, hence in fine-grained oil sands subcapillary interstices result in the retarded flow of fluid.

III. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Имея небольшую пористость, мелко зернистые нефтяные пески редко содержат нефть в больших количествах.

2. Благодаря большой пористости песчаники могут давать нефть и газ в промышленном количестве.

3. Пески, песчаники и известняки являются породами, имеющими довольно высокую пористость.

4. На пористость породы влияют размер, форма и расположение зерен.

5. Не зная пористости пород, мы не можем сделать вывод относительно нефтеносности данного района.

IV. Назовите синонимы к следующим словам:

gradually, to assume, case, extremely, average, to result from, arrangement, during, recovery, rapidly, also, to retard.

V. Назовите антонимы к следующим словам:

small, minimum, below, young, to reduce, initial, rapid, rarely, close, later, less coarse.

VI. Образуйте глаголы от следующих существительных:

compaction, formation, assumption, consolidation, distribution, erosion, definition, connection, demonstration, reduction.

VII. Переведите на русский язык:

1) bedding planes 2) reservoir rocks

3) per unit volume 4) in commercial quantities

5) coarse-grained sands 6) fine-grained sands