McClelland’s Need Theory: Need for Achievement

Need for Achievement - t he desire to excel and succeed

Need for Power –t he need to influence the behavior of others.

Need for Affiliation –the desire for interpersonal relationship

Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are created by different factors.

Hygiene factors- Extrinsic (Environmental) factors that create job dissatisfaction.

Motivation Factors- Intrinsic (Psychological) factors that create job satisfaction.

Attempted to explain why job satisfaction does not result in increased performance

The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction but rather no satisfaction.

Case Study

The manager of A.B.C.Ltd. Realized that the level of moral and motivation of their employees was very low and there was dissatisfaction among the employees. Labor productivity was also found to be very low. After investigating the causes of dissatisfaction, the managers decided that if employees were to be motivated, there was a need to establish and maintain good interpersonal relation, over and above good salary, job security, proper working conditions and supervision.

So they put in sincere efforts to improve all these factors during one year. Yet, surprisingly, they came to know that in spite of reduction in the degree of dissatisfaction, the level of morale and motivation was low and there was no significant increase in their productivity. Therefore, the managers are worried.

• What managerial problem is involved in the above case? Suggest a solution and make a definite stance to justify the same.

Conclusion

Motivation is the driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goal in order to fulfill some needs or expectation. Motivation—the forces within the individual that account for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work.

Types of motivation theories: content theories, human needs and how people with different needs may respond to different work situations, process theories, how people give meaning to rewards and make decisions on various work-related behaviors, reinforcement theory, how people’s behavior is influenced by environmental consequences.

Control questions:

1. Can you give the definition of motivation?

2. Give more information about theory of motivation.

3. What do you know about motivation factors?

4. Give the information about types of motivation.

5. What do you know about Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory?

Literature

1. English for economists and managers: textbook/ O. V. Ulyanov, S. V. Grishin; yurginskiy technological Institute. – Tomsk: Publishing house of Tomsk Polytechnic University-theta, 2011. – 111 p.

2. Besanko D.A, Brauetugam R.R, Gibbs M.J Microeconomics,2011, Chicago

3. Griffiths A, Wall S.Economics for business and management,2011, England

4. Varian H.R. Intermediate microeconomics,2010, University of California at Berkeley

5. Boyd, W. Harper. Marketing Management.- Boston, 2010

 

Controlling

The purpose: Consider the main aspects of controlling, control process, establish objectives and standards, measuring actual performance and types of control

Key words: controlling, control process, actual performance, output standards, input standards

Questions:

10.1 Definition оf controlling. The Control Process

10.2 Establish Objectives and Standards. Measuring Actual Performance

10.3 Types of control

10.4 Organizational Control Systems