Britain in XV - XVII- centuries

Edward I Hammer of the scots

· 1295 model parliament (образцовый парламент) was formed (included barons and the church WITH citizens and knights)

· He defeated Wales - succeeded imposing the English rule on Wales. Came with the troops and with his child (who couldn't speak English). He named his son the head of the state.

· He seized "the stone of destiny"(скнский камень) from the Scone Abbey but failed to subdue the scots. There was a legend that Saint Jacob used this stone as a pillow (communicated with apostles) - a sacred thing for scots. Nowadays it's in Westminster abbey (but it's a copy, the real is somewhere in Scotland). Some say it has magical healing powers.

Edward II abdicated the throne.

Edward III XIV cent.

· Instituted the order of the garter (орден подвязки) and cultivated chivalry and tournaments.

· Started the 100-years war for the French throne

· During his reign there was an outbreak of plague. The Black Death destroyed 1/3 of the English population.

The Hundred Years' War 1337-1453

*It was a series of conflict waged by the house of Plantagenet of the kingdom England against the house of Valios (Валуа), Rulers of the kingdom of France over the succession to the French throne

*Feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops

*Although primarily a dynastic conflict, the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism

*Europe population was reduced drastically (резко)

*The dissatisfaction of English nobles gradually led to the War of the Roses

The results of 100war:

· England lost the war. The French won their independence. England had forever abandoned the claims to their throne (claims de facto abandoned)

· Strengthening of French monarchy

· Decline of chivalry

· Decline of feudalism

Richard II

· At that time there was a social unrest because of political and military affairs (100years war

· Polltax of 1381 (налог) was imposed. It was a great burden for common people -which led to massive rebellions by Wat Tyler and John Ball (peasants revolt)

John Wycliffe: the first reformer of the Church.

First translator of the bible (first socialist)

He was against property as such

"When Adam delved and eve span who was then a gentleman?”

"Englishman learn Christi law best in English. Moses heard gods law in his own tongue, so did Christ's apostles".

XIV century: culture

Geoffrey Chaucer competes " the Canterbury tales ". From that period English becomes the national language.

The developing of the English language and national knowledge

Robin hoods epoch

Britain in XV - XVII- centuries

The Lancasters and the Yorks

The War of the Roses.The two royal houses.

The Lancaster:

supported by barons of the North Henry IV (dethroned Richard II) Henry V (came close to conquering France) Henry VI (10 month-old King, King of France).

The York:

Supported by barons of the South Edward IV destroyed the Lancaster army and dethroned Henry VI. His wife – Elizabeth Woodville. (Благодаря своей дочери, Елизавете Йоркской, Елизавета Вудвиль является предком всех английских монархов, начиная с Генриха VIII, и всех шотландских монархов, начиная с Якова V). Edward V only 3-year month reign probably killed in tower. Принцы в Тауэре (дети Эдуарда 4). The two brothers were the only sons of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville surviving at the time of their father's death in 1483. When they were 12 and 9 years old, respectively, they were lodged in the Tower of London by the man appointed to look after them, their uncle, the Lord Protector: Richard, Duke of Gloucester. This was supposedly in preparation for Edward's forthcoming coronation as king. However, Richard took the throne for himself and the boys disappeared. Richard III Duke of Gloucester. Was killed in the battle with Henry VII (Tudor) in 1485. Some female representatives of the line in Australia today

With the end of The Wars of Roses comes the End of the Middle Ages in Britain

Results of The war of the Roses:

· Most of aristocracy with rights to become rulers was annihilated

· Britain lost its influence in France

· Disintegration of feudal relations in agriculture started

· William Caxton brought a printing press (1477). Mass literacy promoted.