2020-01-14
528
| Letter | Meaning(s) | Examples | ||
| Bb | [b] | Boy, baby | ||
| Cc | [s] – before e, i, y [k] [∫] – before unstressed vowels | City, cycle Come, cat Social, musician, delicious, special | ||
| Dd | [d] – after vowels & voiced consonants in endings [t] – after voiceless consonants in endings | Played, rained Stopped, watched | ||
| Ff | [f] [v] | Fine, film of | ||
| Gg | [dʒ] – before e, i, y [g] [ʒ] – in words of French origin | Gy m, ge ntle, an ge l Game!!!girl,get,give Garage, rouge, beige | ||
| Hh | [h] | Hello, hamster | ||
| Jj | [dʒ] | Jane, joy | ||
| Kk | [k] | Kettle, kitchen | ||
| Ll | [l] | Lemon, little | ||
| Mm | [m] | Money, mirror | ||
| Nn | [n] | Nose, novel | ||
| Pp | [p] | Pepper, pick | ||
| [k] – at the end of words [kw] | Unique, technique Qu arrel, qu ality | |||
| Rr | [r] | Right, reality | ||
| Ss | [s] – at the beginning of words, after voiceless consonants in endings [z] – after vowels & voiced consonants at the end of a word; between two vowels [∫] [ʒ] | Son, stops, caps Men ds, lo s e s, advert is e, pre s ent impre ssion, sugar Mea sure, plea sure, | ||
| Tt | [t] [t∫]– in words ending in - ure [∫]–when followed by a letter i in many suffixed words | Take, water Na ture, fu ture, Na tion, educa tion, ini tial, ambi tion | ||
| Vv | [v] | Van, cover | ||
| Ww | [w] | Wood, wet | ||
| Xx | [ks] [k∫]\[gz] [gʒ] – before a stressed vowel | Box, fox, mixture Luxury\ luxurious Luxury | ||
| Zz | [z] | Zero, zebra | ||
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READING OF “c, g, j”
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Ex. 7.1 Read the following words according to the rules and find exceptions:
| college scoff science cyclist screen occupy cinema scenery soccer canteen success | get gallery German give general begin goal genus game ginger gather | jar judge jelly join joke justice jungle July Jump Job journalist |
Ex. 7.2 Put the words into the right column and find exceptions if there are any:
| [k] | [s] | [g] | [d3] |
Cc: biscuit, cake, can, cap, car, cat, carpet, carry, chocolate, cinema, city, class, clean, clear, clerk, clever, clock, close, coat, come, concert, cook, cool, count, cousin, cow, cucumber, cup, cure, dance, December, doctor, face, race, factory, ice-cream, pencil, picture, place, quick, second, secretary, uncle.
Gg: august, begin, finger, flag, game, garden, get, girl, give, go, good, goose, grandfather, grass, great, green, grey, ground, jug, jungle, large, leg, orange, page, pig, porridge, tiger, village, engineer, giraffe, cage, German, together, forget, egg, dog, again, agree, angry, England, hungry, glass.
Ex. 7.3 Find the odd word:
1. cap, candle, centre, cosy, council.
2. gold, gum, gossip, game, give.
3. curriculum, century, ceramic, circle, cycle.
4. gentle, gerund, giant, gymnast, get.
5. cake, call, cease, cause.
6. gas, gentleman, ginger, gymnastics.
7. get, gain, give, begin.
8. scissors, scientific, scarf, scene.
Ex. 7.4 Add the word according to the rule:
1. career, car, can, capital,...
2. century, centre, cite, Cyprus,...
3. gallery, gamble, garlic, governmental,...
4. gentle, general, gibber, gymnasium,...
Ex. 7.5 Indicate how the letter c is pronounced in the words: [s], [∫], [k].
| 1. success – 2. juice – 3. sufficient – 4. anchor – 5. accept – 6. scientific – 7. chemist – | 8. appreciate – 9. balcony – 10. proficiency – 11. decide – 12. clown – 13. precious – 14. tobacco – |
Ex. 7.6 Indicate how the letter g is pronounced in the words: [g], [d3].
| 1. religion – 2. geography – 3. bridge – 4. beggar – 5. gear – 6. figure – 7. hamburger – 8. guilty - | 9. engineer – 10. giant – 11. oxygen – 12. guard – 13. gypsy – 14. regulator – 15. bargain – 16. government – |
Ex. 7.7 C, k, ck, que or ch for [k]? Complete the words by spelling the sound [k].
| statisti_ che___ pani_ing _riti_al mimi_ing traffi_er mista_e | inspe_tor heada_e _ustoms traffi_ musi_al terrifi_ uni__ | pani_ basi_ te_ni__ lu__ pi_ni_ che__ _ids | pi_ni_ing tru_ wal_ basi_ally drin_ mimi_ athleti_ally |
Ex. 7.8 Underline the letters which are pronounced [ ∫ ] in the following sentences.
List the ways you found to spell this sound.
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1. If you are an ambitious language learner, you should work hard on pronunciation and dictation.
2. So, after graduation you will be able to do translation and hold conversation taking part in negotiations.
3. He is impatient to go to the exhibition. Its expositions resulted from the exploration of the culture of ancient civilizations.
4. If you are anxious about future generations, please take part in our conversation project.
5. I don’t think I need your permission to go on an excursion.
6. Flies spread infectious disease. You’d better take measures against them.
7. I’m sure we won’t finish our work without financial support from a social organization.
Ex. 7.9 Fill in the missing letters s or z. Some words can be spelt both ways.
1. I must apologi_e for disturbing you so late.
2. Do you want to try on this sweater? I think it’s your si_e.
3. Everybody was surpi_ed at his calm.
4. She received the Nobel Pri_e for phy_ics.
5. What do you think of medicine adverti_ing on TV?
6. The doctor advi_ed him to take more exerci_e.
7. My parents do not sympathi_e with my ambition to go on a stage.
8. I could hardly recogni_e him. He looked different in his new suit.
9. Stop critici_ing everybody! Mind yourself!
10. It was very wi_e of you not to go there.
Ex. 7.10 Read the proverbs. Explain the rules of reading.
1. To let the cat out of the bag.
2. Appearances are deceitful.
3. The devil is not so black as it is painted.
4. The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.
5. To stew in one’s own juice.
6. Well begun is half done.
7. The game is not worth the candle.
