Reading OF endings -(e)s, -ed

The ending -(e)s of plural forms of nouns and of the 3^rd singular present indefinite of verbs is read

 

	how	when
a)	[s]	after voiceless consonants;
b)	[z]	after vowels, voiced consonants and sonorants;
c)	[ız]	after [s], [z], [∫], , [t∫], .

The ending- (e)d of regular forms of verbs is read

	how	when
a)	[d]	after vowels, voiced consonants and sonorants;
b)	[t]	after voiceless consonants
c)	[ıd]	after [t], [d]

 

Ex. 7.11 (  , track 10)

Each line contains either verbs or adjectives ending in <-ed>, or verbs or nouns ending in <-s>. Decide which is the odd one out in terms of the way that the ending is pronounced. Then check your answer with the recording.

Example: seas       picks        pays     digs

1	picked	stopped	robbed	taped
2	wanted	shaped	estimated	congratulated
3	shops	digs	robs	codes
4	judges	horses	names	wishes
5	trapped	faked	hoped	faded
6	wicked	picked	tricked	licked

Ex. 7.12 Read the words according to the rule:

a) with the ending -(e)s

inches, hands, chiefs, shoes, maps, boxes, safes, dishes, machines, roofs, classes, wives, babies, benches, books, bottles, boys, brings, burns, buzzes, cages, capes, cars, catches, cats, checks, clashes, clings, clocks, crooks, dates, dishes, doctors, dresses, edges, faces, feeds, fetches, fifths, fingers, foxes, gains, gnats, hooks, hopes, horses, jobs, kites, knives, knows, ladies, leaps, lies, matches, moths, noses, nurses, pages, papers, parts, phones, pies, picks, pipes, places, pumps, roses, seats, sites, skies, sofas, swims, taxes, teachers, thinks, ties, trays, wages, waves, weeks, wives, writers.

 

b) with the ending -(e)d

acted, added, advised, agreed, begged, called, camped, carried, compiled, composed, concreted, concurred, crashed, decided, defended, diffe­red, dressed, ended, enjoyed, entered, explained, failed, finished, fired, followed, founded, handed, hoped, hurried, joked, listed, listened, looked, marked, mended, opened, packed, painted, placed, pronounced, pumped, reminded, rested, roun­ded, sacked, shouted, seemed, seized, skated, smoked, started, stayed, robbed, tacked, talked, turned, typed, waited, walked, washed, packed, arrived, moved, worked, played, needed, smashed, ended.

 

Ex. 7.13 Put the words into columns:

a) with the ending -(e)s

[s]	[z]	[Iz]

 

Cats, touches, drops, pencils, coats, poses, gods, cured, ports, causes, fits, its, adds, tends, courses, boxes, mottos, toes, heroes, saves, boxes, spies, memories, tomatoes, drivers, potatoes, matches, plays, pockets, fingers, sources, marches, invalids, secrets.

 

b) with the ending -(e)d

[t]	[d]	[Id]

 

Forced, recorded, swamped, saved, treated, brushed, connected, viewed, waited, stopped, used, enjoyed, needed, tended, dressed, helped, danced, opened, played, counted, decided, answered, wanted, cried, studied, traveled, used, skipped, stopped, hated, trusted, published, switched, named, sounded.

 

Ex. 7.14 Find the odd word:

1) noses, pieces, years, dresses, dollies.

2) stopped, used, traveled, smelled, agreed.

3) pens, hens, pets, lessons, heads.

4) coasted, ended, resulted, resisted, suffered.

5) tips, backs, points, models.

6) places, matches, cases, shocks.

7) passed, worked, dropped, needed.

8) hated, promoted, landed, licked.

 

Ex. 7.15 Add the word according to the rule:

1) toys, arms, fingers, hairs,...

2) displeased, smelled, pervaded,...

3) secrets, tickets, shocks, foots,...

4) hands, legs, years, eyes,...

 

Ex. 7.16 Find a way from Start to Finish. You may not pass a square if the word contains the sound [z]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.

Start

↓

spots	squares	prize	since	six	sports
streets	wise	sells	sits	exact	escapes
rice	rise	sense	science	lose	lost
oasis	desert	smokes	songs	crisps	box
place	face	snacks	seas	voice	boxes
plays	phase	nose	smiles	focus	concert

↑ finish

Ex. 7.17 The pronunciation of the possessive “s” is the same as for plural endings. For example: Peter’s [z], John’s [z], Philips [s], Steph’s [s], Gearge’s [Iz], Alice’s [Iz].