What is utility software?What is a device driver?

Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. It is a type of system software, used to support the computer infrastructure; by contrast with application software, which is aimed at directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users.

Types of utilities

•   Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses.

•   Archivers output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files. Archive suites may include compression and encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities have a separate un-archive utility for the reverse operation.

•   Backup software makes copies of all information stored on a disk and restore either the entire disk (e.g. in an event of disk failure) or selected files (e.g. in an event of accidental deletion).

•   Clipboard managers expand the clipboard functionality of an operating system.

•   Cryptographic utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files.

•   Data compression utilities output a shorter stream or a smaller file when provided with a stream or file.

•   Data synchronization utilities establish consistency among data from a source to a target data storage and vice versa. There are several branches of this type of utility:

•   File synchronization utilities maintain consistency between two sources. They may be used to create redundancy or backup copies but are also used to help users carry their digital music, photos and video in their mobile devices.

•   Revision control utilities can recreate a coherent structure where multiple users simultaneously modify the same file.

•   Disk checkers scan an operating hard drive and check for logical (filesystem) or physical errors.

•   Disk cleaners find files that are unnecessary to computer operation, or take up considerable amounts of space. Disk cleaner helps the user to decide what to delete when their hard disk is full.

•   Disk compression utilities transparently compress/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the disk.

•   Disk defragmenters detect computer files whose contents are scattered across several locations on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.

•   Disk partition editors divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own file system which can be mounted by the operating system and treated as an individual drive.

•   Disk space analyzers provide a visualization of disk space usage by getting the size for each folder (including sub folders) & files in folder or drive. showing the distribution of the used space.

•   File manager provide a convenient method of performing routine data management, email recovery and management tasks, such as deleting, renaming, cataloging, uncataloging, moving, copying, merging, generating and modifying folders and data sets.

•   Hex editors directly modify the text or data of a file. These files could be data or an actual program.

•   Memory testers check for memory failures.

•   Network utilities analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings, check data transfer or log events.

 

 

What is the operating system?

An operating system is a type of system software that acts as the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer system.   

It is one of the factors that determine your computer’s compatibility and platform. Most personal computers are sold with a preinstalled operating system, such as Microsoft Windows or Mac OS. A third operating system called Linux is typically used for high-end workstations and servers, but can also be installed on personal computers.

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.

Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers..

Types of operating systems