2020-09-24
138
М’язовий орган, вага серця, серцевий м’яз, перикард і міокард, прикріплюватися до хребта і діафрагми, передсердя і шлуночки, камера серця, серцева перегородка, серцевий клапан, регулювати кровотік, поверхня серця, збагачена киснем кров, коронарні артерії, кровоносні судини, система кровообігу, серцево-судинна система, велике коло кровообігу, мале коло кровообігу
Exercise 9. a) Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs
Heavy, small, comfortable, thin, quickly, well, fanny, far, few, difficult, serious, slowly, cheap, fat, little, large, many, happy, quick, strong, expensive
B) Translate into English
1) Стінки передсердь тонші, ніж стінки шлуночків.
2) Артерії більші, ніж вени (veins).
3) Капіляри (capillaries) – найменші судини системи кровообігу.
4) Серце чоловіка важче, ніж серце жінки.
5) Здоров’я важливіше за гроші.
6) Будь більш уважним.
Exercise 10. Put questions to the underlined words.
1) The heart muscle is supplied with oxygen and nutrients by 2 coronary arteries.
2) The left atrium of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
3) The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the entire body.
4) Pulmonary circulation was first described by Ibn-Nafis in 1242.
5) In 1628, William Harvey published his description of blood circulation.
|
|
|
6) The main artery in the human body is called aorta.
7) Veins transport blood to the heart.
8) Oxygenated blood is transported by the arteries away from the heart.
Exercise 11. Open the brackets. Translate
1) The vascular system (to consist of) three groups of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries.
2) The heart (to compose of) four chambers.
3) Aristotle (to describe) the heart as a three-chambered organ.
4) The Aristotelian notion of the heart (to support) by Harvey in the 17th century.
5) Pulmonary vessels (to carry) blood to and from the lungs.
6) Avicenna (to believe) that the heart produced breath.
7) The atria and the ventricles (to separate) by the septum.
8) The appendicular skeleton (to make) up of 126 bones.
*Exercise 12. a) Read the idioms with ‘heart’ and try to explain their meaning. Find out Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to them
Have a heart of gold
Have a heart of stone
Have a heart-to-heart talk with (someone)
Heart is dead set against (something)
Sick at heart
B) Choose the idiom above to replace the expression in the brackets
1) The man was (very sad) about his friend’s death.
2) I had (a sincere) talk with my friend.
3) The man has (a hard and cold personality).
4) She (is kind and generous) and she is always willing to help a stranger.
5) My mother (is totally against) my plan to leave the University.
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
| I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення: передсердя і шлуночки камера серця серцевий клапан регулювати кровотік кровоносні судини система кровообігу серцево-судинна система велике коло кровообігу мале коло кровообігу II. Дайте відповідь на наступні питання: Where is the heart located? What is the myocardium? What parts does the heart consist of? How is the system of blood vessels called? III. Розкрийте поняття: Серце, Серцево-судинна система |
| THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM |
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary
| Airway | [’eərweɪ] | дихальні шляхи |
| Alveolus (pl. alveoli) | [ˌælviˈəʊləs ælˈvɪəlaɪ ] | альвеола |
| Apex | [ ʹeıpeks ] | верхівка |
| Base | ['beiz] | основа |
| Border | [ˈbɔːdə] | границя |
| Carbon dioxide | [ˈkɑːbəndaɪˈɒksaɪd] | вуглекислий газ |
| Exhale | [eks’heɪl] | видихати |
| Gas exchange | ['gæs iks'ʧeinʤ] | газообмін |
| Hazardous | [’hæzərdəs] | небезпечний |
| Inhalation | [inhǝ'leiʃn] | вдих |
| Lateral | [ˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l] | боковий |
| Lobe | ['lǝʋb] | доля |
| Mediastinum | [ ͵mi:dıəʹstaınəm ] | середостіння |
| Pleura | [ ʹplʋ(ə)rə ] | плевра |
| Respiration | [ˏrespi'reiʃn] | дихання |
| Spongy | [ʹspʌndʒı] | губчастий |
| Vital capacity | [ˈvaɪtəl kəˈpæsətɪ] | життєвий об’єм |
Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly. Translate without dictionary.
|
|
|
Lung [lʌŋ], respiratory [rɪˈspaɪrətr̩i], vary [’veərɪ], surface [ˈsɜːfɪs], weight [weɪt], alveoli [ælˈvɪəlaɪ], functional [ˈfʌŋkʃənəl], oxygen [ˈɒksɪdʒən], vital [‘vaitəl]
Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian
the respiratory system, spongy air-filled organs, muscles of respiration, the lateral cavities of the chest, to be covered with the pleura, conical in shape, the weight of the lungs, the vital capacity of the lungs, to consist of three lobes, to be of a pale rose colour, to become darker, the capillaries of the lungs, gas exchange in the lungs, the total surface, to provide with oxygen, to remove carbon dioxide
Grammar. One/ones, that/those
| The right lung is larger than the left lung. | The right lung is larger than the left one. |
| The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than the walls of the right ventricle. | The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than those of the right one. |
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the use and translation of one/ones, that/those
1. The right atrium is larger than the left one.
2. The number of the vertebrae in the coccyx is less than the number of those in the neck.
3. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.
4. The bones of the lower extremities are longer than those of the upper ones.
5. The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.
6. Which dictionary do you want? This one or that one?
Exercise 5. Read the text. Write out the key words and word-combinations
The Lungs
There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs in the human body. They are spongy air-filled organs located in the lateral cavities of the chest. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum. The lungs are covered with the pleura. They are conical in shape. Each lung has the base, apex, two borders and three surfaces.
The weight of the lungs varies according to many conditions. In the adult male the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr. The right lung is about 15% heavier than the left one.
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after maximum inhalation. The vital capacity of the lungs is 3.5-4 liters in the male and it is 3-3.5 liters in the female.
The right lung consisting of three lobes is heavier than the left one because the latter consists only of two lobes. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.
In infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour, but later they become darker.
Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs that permit gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries of the lungs. The lungs have many capillaries with the total surface of about 80 sq.m.
The lungs provide us with vital oxygen and remove carbon dioxide before it can reach hazardous levels.
