2020-09-24
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1. What parts is the nervous system composed of?
2. What does the abbreviation CNS mean?
3. What organs does CNS consist of?
4. Which part of the nervous system do the sensory nerves and sense organs compose?
5. How are the nervous cells called?
6. What is the spinal cord?
7. What is the function of the nerves?
8. What are the functions of the nervous system?
Exercise 8. Match the words to their definitions
| 1. brain 2. spinal cord 3. neuron 4. nerve 5. sensory receptor | a) a bundle of fibers that uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit sensory and motor information from one body part to another b) specialized neurons or nerve endings that respond to changes in the environment c) the major column of nerve tissue that lies within the vertebral canal d) the portion of the central nervous system that is located within the skull. It functions as a primary receiver, organizer, and distributor of information for the body. e) a nerve cell that receives and sends electrical signals over long distances within the body |
Exercise 9. What organs and parts of the body do the adjectives below refer to? Make up sentences with them on your own
Model: cardiac – heart. The heart pumps blood through the vessels.
Cranial – Cervical –
Spinal – Nervous –
Vertebral – Vascular –
Oral – Costal –
Thoracic – Facial –
Exercise 10. Translate into English
Головний та спинний мозок, центральна нервова система, периферична нервова система, органи чуття, нервова клітина, чутливі рецептори, знаходитися всередині черепної порожнини, сіра і біла речовина головного та спинного мозку, шляхи інформації між мозком та рештою організму, обробка чуттєвих сигналів; гладка, сердечна та скелетна мускулатура; реагувати на подразники.
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Exercise 11. Put questions to the underlined words
1. Neurons communicate within the body by transmitting electrochemical signals.
2. Vital functions are controlled by the brain.
3. Movement of the body is due to nerve stimuli.
4. The spinal cord is enclosed in the vertebral column.
5. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
6. The peripheral nervous system includes all of the parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord.
7. Galen saw the spinal cord as an extension of the brain.
8. The term ‘neurology’ was coined in 1681.
Exercise 12. Open the brackets. Translate
1. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (to believe) that the nerves were controlled by the heart.
2. The central nervous system (to include) the brain and the spinal cord.
3. The Roman physician Galen (to contradict) Aristotle and (to conclude) that the brain was the most important organ of the body.
4. Recently the scientists (to find) that nervous cells can restore.
5. The peripheral nervous system (to make up) of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
6. I think we (to finish) our experiments with sensory receptors next week.
7. If they (to come) tomorrow I’ll explain them the principles of the nervous activities.
8. He just (to phone) his psychotherapist.
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
| Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення: Головний і спинний мозок Сіра і біла речовина головного мозку Чутливі рецептори Реагувати на подразники Органи чуття Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: What parts is the nervous system composed of? What organs does CNS consist of? How are the nervous cells called? What is the spinal cord? What is the function of the nerves? Поясніть наступні терміни: Нервова система Центральна нервова система |
| The Alimentary Tract |
Exercise 1. Topical vocabulary:
| 1. | alimentary tract, n | [ælɪˌment(ə)rɪ trækt] | травний тракт |
| 2. | caecum, n | ['si:kəm] | сліпа кишка |
| 3. | colon, n | ['koulən] | товста кишка |
| 4. | decomposition, n | [ˌdiːkɒmpəˈzɪʃən] | розкладання |
| 5. | duodenum, n | [dju:ou'di:nəm] | дванадцятипала кишка |
| 6. | ileum, n | ['ɪlɪəm] | клубова кишка |
| 7. | jejunum, n | [dʒiːˈdʒuːnəm] | порожниста кишка |
| 8. | length, n | [leŋθ] | довжина |
| 9. | pancreas, n | ['pæŋkrɪəs] | підшлункова залоза |
| 10 | portion, n | [’pɔ:rʃən] | частина, відділ |
| 11. | rectum, n | ['rektəm] | пряма кишка |
| 12 | salivary glands, n | ['sælɪvərɪ glænd] | слинні залози |
| 13 | tube, n | [tju:b] | труба, трубка |
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Exercise 2. Read the following word-combinations and translate them.
canal: alimentary canal, musculomembraneous canal, nasal canal, root canal
cavity: oral cavity, abdominal cavity, pulp cavity, nasal cavity, thoracic cavity
gland: salivary gland, endocrine gland, urethral glands, mucous gland, lymph gland
tube: thin-wall muscular tube, inner-tube, test-tube, Fallopian tube, drainage tube
palate: hard palate, soft palate, cleft palate, to have a delicate palate, depraved palate
Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations into your native language:
To extend from the oral cavity to the anus, the first division, to pass through the pharynx to the esophagus, the upper part of the abdomen, to be composed of, a thin-walled muscular tube, to absorb water,the largest gland in the human body, a major role in metabolism, a number of functions in the body, decomposition of red blood cells, a hollow sac, a long thin gland.
Exercise 4. Put words in the appropriate column:
Ileum, heart, vessel, anus, jejunum, artery, duodenum, tongue, vein, pharynx, stomach, capillary, esophagus, intestine, aorta, atria, rectum, oral cavity, salivary glands, mouth, chamber, caecum, colon, teeth, ventricle.
| Parts of the cardiovascular system | Parts of the alimentary tract |
Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:
