Exercise 6. Answer the questions

1. What are the major parts of the respiratory system?

2. What kind of internal organs are the lungs?

3. Where are the lungs located?

4. What do the lungs consist of?

5. What is the weight of the lungs?

6. What is the vital capacity of the lungs in the male and in the female?

7. How many lobes do the lungs consist of?

8. What is the functional unit of the lungs?

9. What is the function of the lungs?

 

Exercise 7. Match the terms to their definitions

lung	any of the three parts of the right lung or the two parts of the left lung
pleura	any of the small thin-walled air-containing compartments of the lung
lobe	a delicate membrane that encloses the lungs
respiration	one of the breathing organs located within the chest
alveolus	the act or process of inhaling and exhaling

Exercise 8. Translate into English

Дихальна система, дихальні шляхи, дихальні м’язи, губчастий наповнений повітрям орган, бокові порожнини грудної клітки, вкритий плеврою, основа і верхівка легені, границі і поверхні легені, долі легені, життєвий об’єм легень, загальна поверхня капілярів, газообмін у легенях, забезпечувати киснем, видаляти вуглекислий газ

 

Exercise 9. Translate into English using one/ones, that/those where it is necessary.

1. Верхні кінцівки коротші, ніж нижні.

2. Життєвий об’єм легень у чоловіків більший, ніж життєвий об’єм легень у жінок.

3. - Я можу взяти твою ручку? - Звичайно, чорну чи синю?

4. Права легеня більша і важча, ніж ліва.

5. Праве передсердя отримує бідну на кисень кров, а ліве – збагачену киснем кров.

6. Які предмети тобі більше подобаються, теоретичні чи практичні?

Exercise 10. Put questions to the underlined words

1. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum.

2. The lungs provide gas exchange in the human body.

3. The base of the lung is located in the convex surface of the diaphragm.

4. There are over 700,000,000 alveoli in the lungs.

5. The weight of the lungs varies according to many conditions.

6. That woman had a lung disease.

7. Leonardo da Vinci did not understand the relationship between form and function of the lungs.

 

Exercise 11. Open the brackets. Translate

1. The physician Alessandro Benedetti (to write) in 1497 that the lungs controlled emotions such as anger.

2. The air-filled sacs in the lungs (to call) alveoli.

3. The lungs (to be) internal organs that (to absorb) oxygen into the body and (to remove) carbon dioxide.

4. The lobes of the lungs (to divide) into segments.

5. Medical terms related to the lungs often (to begin) with pulmo-, or with pneumo-

6. The respiratory system (to involve) in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

7. The clinical experiments on the lungs (to carry out) last month.

8. The lecture on lung anatomy (to deliver) last Monday.

 

Exercise 12. Tell about the lungs using the text and the following plan:

a) the organ of which body system;

b) location;

c) weight and vital capacity;

d) structure;

e) function

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення: Дихальна система Дихальні шляхи Дихальні м’язи Вкритий плеврою Доля легені Життєвий об’єм легень   Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: What are the major parts of the respiratory system? Where are the lungs located? How many lobes do the lungs consist of?   Поясніть наступні терміни: Легені

 

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary

Communication	[kǝˏmju:ni'keiʃn]	зв’язки
Decision	[di'siʒn]	рішення
Delicate	['delikit]	тонкий (хрупкий, непрочный)
To evaluate	[i'væljueit]	оцінювати, визначати
Fiber	['faibǝ]	волокно
Highways	['haiweiz]	магістраль, шлях
Matter	['mætǝ]	речовина (матерія, предмет)
Neuron	['njuǝrɒn]	нейрон
Processing	['prǝʋsesiŋ]	обробка
Sensory organs	['sensǝri 'ɔ:gǝnz]	органи чуття
Smooth	['smu:ð]	гладкий, гладенький
Wrinkled	['riŋkǝld]	складчастий (*wrinkle – зморшка)

 

Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly. Translate without a dictionary

Peripheral [pəʹrıf(ə)rəl], nerve [nɜːv], nervous [ˈnɜːvəs], receptor [rɪˈseptə], integration [ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃən], signal [ˈsɪɡn(ə)l], motor [ˈməʊtə]

 

Exercise 3. Read the following word-combinations, translate them and pay attention to the possible use of key words

Nervous: the nervous system, nervous stimulation, nervous impulses, nervous activities, nervous laughter, central nervous system depressants;

Sensory: sensory organs, sensory receptors, sensory nerves, sensory neurons, sensory stimulation, sensory function;

Matter: the white matter of the brain, the grey matter of the brain; subject matter, spirit and matter, no matter

 

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian

spinal cord, responsible for the control of the body, the central nervous system, the sensory nerves, to monitor conditions inside and outside of the body, inside the cranial cavity, the vertebral cavity of the spine, the white and grey matter, collecting information from sensory receptors, the processing of many sensory signals, carry signals through the nerves of the peripheral nervous system, to move a part of the body, to respond to the stimulus

 

Exercise 5. Translate. Pay attention to the use of the Present Perfect

1. He has just arrived. He was at the conference.

2. Have you ever spoken to practical psychologists? No, I haven’t.

3. I haven’t seen the professor since Monday.

4. Have you read “Interpretation of Dreams”? Yes, I have.

5. I’ve met a lot of interesting people in the last few days.

6. Professor N has already delivered a lecture on sensitive receptors.

Exercise 6. Read the text. Write out the key words and word-combinations

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.

The brain and the spinal cord form the control center known as the central nervous system (CNS), where information is evaluated and decisions made.

The sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) monitor conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS.

The brain, a soft, wrinkled organ, is located inside the cranial cavity. The approximately 100 billion neurons of the brain form the main control center of the body. Neurons are also known as nerve cells. Scientists have determined that each cell is connected to the other by nerve fibers. Numerous investigations have shown that nervous cells are the most delicate cells of the human body.

The spinal cord is a long, thin mass of neurons that carries information through the vertebral cavity of the spine. The spinal cord contains the white and grey matter.

Nerves act as information highways to carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.

The nervous system has 3 main functions: sensory, integration, and motor.

- Sensory. The sensory function of the nervous system involves collecting information from sensory receptors. These signals are then passed on to the central nervous system.

- Integration. The process of integration is the processing of many sensory signals that are passed into the CNS at any given time. Integration takes place in the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord.

- Motor. Motor neurons carry signals from the grey matter of the CNS through the nerves of the peripheral nervous system to smooth, cardiac, or skeletal muscle tissue or glandular tissue and move a part of the body to respond to the stimulus.