When dehydration occurs from excessive vomiting, parenteral feeding will be used. 2. If the diagnosis is correct, the patient will be

Lesson 6 О 93

properly treated. 3. If coma develops, the patient will be transferred to hospital as soon as possible. 4. If some infectious fever is diagnosed, the patient is moved to the hospital in an ambulance. 5. If you hold your breath, carbon dioxide will immediately begin to accumulate in the blood.

Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения. Опреде­лите, какую функцию выполняет слово as.

1. In the process of metabolism certain waste products must be cast
off as the body has no use for them. 2. The liver clears the body of
bilirubin pigment which is produced as hemoglobin is broken down and
red blood cells are destroyed. 3. Bile acts as an emulsifier, with deter­
gent-like effect on the fats in the duodenum. 4. The pharynx serves as a
passage-way for air from the nasal cavity to the larynx as well as for
food. 5. As the man smells something he likes to eat, the gastric juice is
poured out in large quantities. k

Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какую функцию выполняет слово since.

1. Since penicillin was discovered a vast amount of information has been accumulated concerning its use. 2. Senna is a favourite cathartic, since it can be made up into a sweet mass. 3. Since the liver of poliki-lothermic animals is less demanding than that of mammals, the liver of the frog is generally used for different kinds of investigations. 4. I have studied English since 2001.

Упражнение 7. Отработайте чтение следующих предложений.

The 'urinary 'system is the /system | which ex'cretes the 'largest 'part of

the 'waste 'products of the \body. It con'sists of the /kidneys, | right and

\left |, the /ureters |, a 'tube from 'each /kidney |, which con'veys the

urine to the \ bladder, | the /urethra |, a 'tube | which leads from the

/bladder |, along which the 'urine is 'passed 'out of the \body.

Упражнение 8. Запомните значение нижеприведенных суффиксов и пре­фиксов. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно модели.

1. -ment — образует существительные от глаголов: to move двигаться) — movement движение.

Ъ

i

1. The uriuary system is the system which excretes the largest part of the waste products of the body. It consists of the kidneys, right and left, the ureters, a tube from each kidney which conveys the urine to the bladder, the urethra, a tube that leads from the bladder, along which the urine is passed out of the body.

2. The kidneys («renes» — Latin) are placed one on each side in the lumbar region of the spine, on the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of the twelfth thoracic and first-second lumbar verte­brae. A kidney weighs about 150 grams and is covered by membranes. The connective tissue membrane which di­rectly adheres to the kidney is called the fibrous capsule. This capsule is surrounded by perirenal fat and is called the adipose capsule. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. The kidneys contain one mil-

Lesson 6 ^ 95

lion small tubes, which have to excrete products of metabolism and con­trol the concentrations of most of the constituents of body fluids. These small tubules make up the parenchyma of the kidney. They are very fine and may be of various shape. Since dissolved (растворенные) wastes may be excreted by diffusion through the various cell membranes there is little evidence that such excretion occurs.! ^ I

3. The inner margin of the kidney is known as the hilus. At the hilus (he ureter which conveys urine is a tube about 30 cm long. When the ureter leaves the hilus it descends along the posterior abdominal wall into the cavity of the pelvis where it perforates the wall of the bladder and opens into its cavity. As the muscular coat of the ureter contracts it has to perform peristaltic movements. ^ l^w