Упражнение 7. Прочтите и переведите текст А. Первый абзац переведите письменно. Найдите и запомните значение слов the latter, through, only, that is, the greater. the less

Упражнение 8. Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и прочтите их.

How are harmful substances eliminated from the body? 2. What organs pass out carbon dioxide and water vapor? 3. What are the organs of the urinary system? 4. How is water eliminated from the body? 5. When is the volume of urine increased or reduced? 6. What process takes place in the kidneys?

Упражнение 9. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по значению первому слову ряда.

Various - sum, some, same, seem; 2. the latter - former, the former, formal; 3. greater — lessen, lesson, lesser, less; 4. to increase -

140 ♦ Learning to Understand a Medical Text

To decrease, to decide, to decree, to demand; 5. to cool - to want, to water, to warm, to warn

Упражнение 10. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, перевод которого дан в начале ряда.

Внешний, наружный - exterior, interior, exteriorly, exteriority; 2. в норме - normal, normality, normally; 3. посредством, путем -throughout, through, though, throw; 4. очищать, дезинфицировать -to clean, to claim, to cleanse, to clear

Упражнение 11. Прочтите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова. Переведите предложения.

1. Most of the body wastes are eliminated in the urine by the urinary organs. 2. The bladder is emptied through the urethra which leads to the exterior of the body. 3. The wastes are excreted as urine which is nor­mally composed of approximately 96 per cent of water plus urea and various salts. 4. In the kidneys the blood is cleansed o/harmful substanc­es. 5. Sweat is formed in tiny perspiration glands found in the skin.

Упражнение 12. Определите, чем выражено подлежащее в следующих предложениях. Переведите данные предложения.

1. The rate of urinary flow is known to be increased by various agents known in medicine as diuretics. 2. Three hours after injection 38-45% of the injected mercury was found in the kidneys. 3. Renal tubular excretory transport of selected sulfonamides is assumed to require д, physicochemical interaction. 4. Under these conditions it was difficult to estimate the actual rate of tubular excretory transport. 5. The bladder is more likely to be affected with a direct pus-forming infection than by any other disease. 6. It is found that the process of urine secretion goes on constantly at the rate of about a drop every thirty seconds from each kidney.