This is the first stage in the production of urine, known as glomerular filtration

Physiologically the' kidney must not be regarded as just an organ for the formation of urine, wastes. The kidney appears to be the chief con­troller of the delicate chemical balance necessary to life.

Notes

By the naked eye невооруженным глазом

Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте В предложения, более полно выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их.

The kidney doesn't manufacture the elements which compose urine. 2. The urinary function is that of excretion. 3. Some substances are retained in the organism. 4. Penicillin is eliminated through the urine. 5. The basic instrument of the kidney is the nephron.

Часть III

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 11

Упражнение 1. Найдите и переведите предложения со сложным подлежащим.

1. The chief functiQikof the kidneys is to separate fluid and certain solids from the blood. 2. The excretion of urine is thought to be possible by the selective action of the cells of the kidney tubules. 3. When tl\e kidneys fail to act solid waste substances accumulate in the blood.\J^> The formation of urine is found to begin in the glomerulus as water salts, sugar, urea and other wastes. 5. Streptococci do not seem to cause glomerular inflammation by direct invasion. 6. After the first two weeks of acute nephritis patients usually appear to make a complete recovery.

(Ответ: 2, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 27 Граммати­ческого справочника.)

Упражнение 2. Укажите, в каких предложениях as well as, as well: а) состав­ной союз; t?) наречие. Переведите предложения.

Acute glomerular nephritis may involve various systems of the body as well as the glomerular tufts. 2. Specific gravity is a measurement that reflects the amount of wastes as well as minerals in the urine. 3. Acids as

144 ♦ Learning to Understand a Medical Text /

well as other substances which the body does not need are secreted into the distal renal tubules from the blood stream. 4. Drugs can be obtained from plants, animals and chemical substances as well. 5. While examin­ing a patient the doctor was asking him about his previous and present condition as well.

(Ответ: a) 1, 2, 3; b) 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 41 Грамматического справочника.)

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык производные от данных слов.

1. excrete ^ выделение, выделительный, экскреция; 2. active - ак­тивность, активно, деятельность; 3. constitute - составная часть, те­лосложение; 4. urine — мочевой, мочеиспускание, урология; 5. sweat -потеть, потение, потный, потовые (железы)

(Ответ: 1. excretion, excretory, excretion; 2. activity, actively, activities; 3. constituent, constitution; 4. uric (urinary), urination, urology; 5. to sweat, sweating, sweaty, sweat (glands).)

Упражнение 4. Дайте синонимы к следующим словам.

1. to eliminate; 2. waste products; 3. manner; 4. to take place; 5. quantity (Ответ: 1. to excrete; 2. waste matter (wastes); 3. way; 4. to occur; 5. amount.)

Упражнение 5. Образуйте словосочетания, используя слова из пунктов а) и б). Переведите их.

а) 1. to eliminate; 2. to carry out; 3. to excrete; 4. to get rid of; 5. to
throw out; 6. excretory; 7. activity (of);

б) 1. the excess of water (constituents); 2. organ(s); 3. action; 4. the
kidneys and skin; 5. sweat glands; 6. muscular; 7. the function; 8. waste
products

(Ответ: 1-1, 8; 2-1, 7, 8; 3-1, 8; 4-1, 8; 5-1, 8; 6-2, 3; 7-4, 5, 6.)

LESSON TWELVE--------------------- ~-~-------------------------