2015-05-23
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Word stock include 30~100.000 words, don’t represent the total number of words. 2 group of word: 1.Native and 2.Borrowings. Native – are not Homogeneous in their origin. Common IE words, Common Germanic Specifically OE words. (most encient part of vocab. This is word of natural phenomena, anomals, human body.) 2.Common Germanic(wide layer-слой) formed independent lex. Group. 3.Scpecificall OE words:(don’t occur in other lang.) Compound wifman or wimman(woman) consist of 2 roots which occurred in a separate words in other OG lang.
Borrowings- from other lang.(very small portions of word-stock~600). Major borrow. Were adopted after contact of people in everyday life. Latin borrow. – it was well known because of historical events. (Roman conquer, introduction of Christianity and other). Latin borrow divided into several layers: 1.when West Germanic tribes settled in Britanie, Anglo-Saxon invasion. OE borrow from Latin indicate new things (trade, agriculture, building, home life). Through Celts (were some place-names:e.g: camp) Christianity: 1.word pertaining to religion. 2.word connected with learning. E.g” clericos.
One more impact is called “translations” – word and phrases created on the partten of Latin words as their literal translations. Celtic borrow – is very small vocab. Germ. tribes assimilated with celtic tribes. Among celtic words: cumb-small valey, Avon- river.
Вопрос 9 The making of the national lang.
During 15 century London literary lang.gradually extends, superseding the local dialects. Лит.язык gets into all spheres of relations. colloquial speech in various areas of England gradually joins in the general лит.норму, and distinctions between written norm and is national-spoken speach are lost. In 16в the developing of англ as national language is finished. Dialects become actually unwritten, т.к.нац.язык (on the basis of London лит.языка) covers all the spheres connected with writing: state documentation, scientific and худ.лит-ру. Gradually гац.язык extends more and more, modifying and absorbing dialects.
