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AGRICULTURE IN GENERAL

Agriculture is the world's most important industry. It provides us with almost all our food. It also supplies materials for two other basic human needs - clothing and shelter. In addition, agriculture provides materials used in making many industrial products, such as paints and medicines. About half the world's workers are employed in agriculture - far more than in any other industry.

Food is the most important farm product. But farms also provide many other products, from natural fibres to ornamental flowers and trees. Some croops are used only to feed livestock. These forage crops include alfalfa, clover and many grasses. Forage crops are important because they make commercial livestock production possible.

Farms provide almost all the world's food, including some fish and game. Most food products come from crops. The rest come from animals, especially cattle, hogs, poultry, sheep, and other livestock.

The world's farmers grow about 85 major food crops. They can be divided into eight groups. The main group is cereal grains. Grain is grown on half the world's cropland and supplies much of the nourishment in the human diet. The chief grains are barley, corn, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, and wheat.

Various root crops make up the second most important group of food crops. Like cereal grains, root crops are grown throughout the world and are a basic food for many people. The leading root crops are potatoes, beets and sweet potatoes.

The six remaining groups of major food crops are: (1) pulses, which consist mainly of beans and peas; (2) fruits and vegetables; (3) oil-bearing crops, such as soybeans and coconuts; (4) sugar-bearing crops, especial sugarcane and sugar beets; (5) nuts; and (6) cocoa beans, coffee, and tea.

Cattle, chickens, goats, hogs, sheep, turkeys, and other livestock are the main animals raised for food. Livestock are raised in every country supply nearly all the world's meat, eggs, and milk. Farmers also raise other animals for food. For example, many farmers keep bees for honey. Farmers on fish farms raise freshwater food fish, such as carp and trout, and saltwater shellfish, such as mussels and oysters.

Natural fibres come from a variety of plants and animals raised on farms. Factories use the fibres to make fabrics, yarn, and other textile products. Cotton and flax together with some tropical plants are the chief plant fibres. Wool, the principal animal fibre, comes mainly from sheep but also from such animals as goats and members of the camel family. Silk fibres are obtained from the cocoons of silkworms. However the development synthetic fibres has reduced the demand for natural fibres in some countries.

Many farms provide other raw materials for industry besides fibres. These materials include natural rubber, animal hides which are used to make leather; and such vegetable oils as castor oil and linseed oil. These oils are used in a variety of products, from paints to medicines. Many farmers raise tobacco. Others grow ornamental flowers, trees, and shrubs. A few farmers raise such animals as foxes and mink for their fur.

Вариант № 2

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола- сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) The construction of this house will be completed in a month.

2) The cargo had been shipped to the town.

3) Which of the four men smoking by the fireplace is Ben?

4) The guide showed some pictures to a group of tourists.

5) Instructions are being given to them now.

6) She smiled remembering the joke.

7) Methods used by the scientist are the most effective.

8) All the business letters will have been answered by noon.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, найдите и подчеркните инфинитив и причастие, определите функцию инфинитива и причастия в предложении.

1) The only sound to be heard was the ticking of the grandfather's clock downstairs.

2) To go to the park on that rainy day was impossible.

3) I read the story the second time so as to memorize the details..

4) The first thing we did was to switch on the computer.

5) To keep the instruments in order we must place them in the instrument box.

III. Перепишите предложения, найдите и подчеркните объективный и субъективный инфинитивные обороты, переведите на русский язык.

1) We want this crop to produce good yields.

2) The farm is said to have produced high yield of wheat..

3) They seem to have heard all about this problem.

4) He heard someone call his name.

5) She wanted her children to go to bed.

IV. Перепишите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом, переведите их.

1) The experiment being demonstrated, all the students understood everything.

2) I went to Moscow, my friend living there.

3) The farmer having used new equipment, the work on the farm was made very quickly.

V.Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Письменно переведите абзацы 2,4,6.


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