Lawyers of Different Types of Law

It is impossible to list and explain all of the various types of law practiced today. The following descriptions cover the legal fields most widely known and available lawyers starting out in the profession:

Comparative Law: The comparative lawyer works with international relations in trade and commerce, travel, government business, and many other areas depending upon the breadth of his/her knowledge and the needs of his/her employer. The field of comparative law is one in which there is a great deal of opportunity for advancement and challenging work.

Comparative lawyers may find their employment with business firms, with government organizations, or with any person or group which deals with countries other than the United Kingdom.

Environmental Law: One of the newest entries in the legal world, environmental law requires a concern for the nation's resources, knowledge of where the resources are, what they are used for, how and why they may be endangered or exploited, and whose job it is to protect them.

Environmental lawyers may work alone or in and for groups whose job it is to prosecute offenders and remedy the offending situation. On the other side of the coin, environmental lawyers may represent the "offenders" to prove why the exploitation is not bad or is not what it seems to be. Finally, they may mediate between concerned groups and help generate arrangements which will benefit the country, the consumers, and the corporation.

Patent Law: Patent Law is one of the few areas of legal practice which requires a specific educational background usually in the natural sciences, mathematics, or engineering. This background is required because the work a patent lawyer does is to see that no one has already patented a client's idea and that no one "borrows" the client's idea after it has been patented. To do this the lawyer must thoroughly understand the client's idea and be able to ascertain whether differences occur in similar ideas or if, indeed, the idea has already been used or is being "borrowed".

Patent lawyers are usually employed by large firms whose research teams may constantly be coming up with new ideas to be protected or by large law firms where they handle individual clients and companies who seek the advice of the lawyer. Sometimes patent lawyers enter private practice and work as representatives to individuals and companies.

Legal Aid: Legal Aid offers a lawyer the chance to represent and protect those in our society who may not have the money or the knowledge to help themselves.

If you are considering this type of law, do not expect to make a lot of money, expect to be very busy, and realize that your services will be sought by many and may be appreciated by only a few.

For the vast majority of the lawyers who enter this type of law, the clients' appreciation when it occurs is the main reward.

Tax Law: A tax lawyer assists people or businesses in the computation and payment of taxes of all kinds: income, property, estate, etc. A good background in statistics, mathematics and/or business as well as a genuine enjoyment of working with numbers is basic necessities for a tax lawyer.

LLM degrees (the Master of Law Letters degree which follows the LLB degree) can be received in tax law in a number of law school graduate divisions around the country. This is one of the specific areas in which the LLM degree is most frequently pursued.

Tax law is a growing field because of the increasing complexity of the financial status of the United Kingdom and its citizens. If you satisfy the requirements of the field, your work in private practice or as a corporation tax lawyer can be a highly lucrative career.

Corporate Law: The corporate lawyer deals with the entirety of a corporation's activities from settling tax, employment, or labour problems, to setting up mergers between and among corporations and arranging stock options.

Generally, a corporate lawyer is one of a team of lawyers, each handling or assisting in the handling of only one of the activities areas. A corporate lawyer, therefore, may be any one of the preceding types of lawyers and also be a corporate lawyer. For instance, an environmental lawyer may be employed by Kodak and still retain both titles of environmental and corporate lawyer; one does not preclude the other.

Corporate law opportunities are almost unlimited and offer continually broadening horizons commensurate with the growth of the corporation.

Criminal Law: Criminal Law involves just what the label implies - people accused of crimes. Lawyers who specialize in criminal law may work on either side of the adversary process - defense or prosecution.

There are many more types of law from which to choose; what you choose will depend upon your present interests and your interests as they develop in law school. There is no reason to make your decision before beginning your studies as to what type of law you will practice; the legal profession changes constantly and you may find your own interests changing as you become exposed to more and more information.

Tip 1. Прочтите текст по частям, выделенным подзаголовками, и укажите подтему каждой части. Выпишите из каждой части те предложения, которые несут основную информацию, и передайте их содержание на русском языке.

Tip 2. Прочтите текст по частям, выделенным подзаголовками, и укажите подтему каждой части. Выпишите из каждой части те предложения, которые содержат важную информацию, уточняющую и расширяющую основную мысль. Передайте содержание этих предложений на русском языке

N.B. Избегайте повторов информации. Cодержание выбранных вами предложений должно именно уточнять и расширять информацию, а не повторять ранее выбранную мысль.

Tip 3. Cоставьте логический план реферата по теме на русском языке. Затем обобщите полученную информацию по содержанию материала в единый связный русский текст реферата в соответствии с составленным планом.

Tip 4. Прочтите внимательно текст еще раз и дайте ответы на английском языке на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the article about?

2. What do you think the purpose of the article?

3. What points of the topic are considered in detail?

4. What does the author give special attention to?

Tip 5. Проанализируйте английские предложения, выписанные вами первоначально (tips 1,2), и сократите их. Избавьтесь от избыточной лексики и другой несущественной информации.

N.B. Помните, предложения должны нести самую важную информацию.