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ENFORCING THE LAW

1. Governments have many ways to be sure that citizens obey the law. They explain to the public what the law is and try to provide social support for law and order. They use police forces to investigate crimes and catch criminals. They use courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others. And they try to re-educate and reform people who have broken the law. Which of these is most effective in enforcing the law?

2. The laws of all countries are in written records – the legal codes of countries, etc. Many people do not know where to find these records. But ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking it. Governments usually expect citizens to know the laws. However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft, assault and dangerous driving, which simply reflect social and moral attitudes to everyday behavior. In such cases a person knows he is breaking the law, even if he doesn't know exactly which law it is.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Criminal sanctions are used by governments as one of the ways of enforcing the law.

A person who doesn’t know that he is breaking the law can’t be considered guilty.

The police may make a decision as to guilt in such offences as theft and assault without a court.

Re-educating and reforming criminals are most effective in enforcing the law.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Citizens are expected to know the laws, because …

ignorance of the laws doesn’t justify their breaking them

many of them reflect social and moral attitudes to everyday behavior

ignorance of the law is punished

in this case they never break them

Ответьте на вопрос

What are the main functions of the police in enforcing the law?

The main functions of the police are to investigate crimes and catch criminals.

The main functions of the police are to impose fines and issue formal warnings.

The main functions of the police are to punish the guilty and deter other people from committing offences.

The main functions of the police are to question people suspected of crime and explain to them what the law is.

Определите основную идею текста.

Enforcing the law is the way to maintain order in the country.

Enforcing the law governments expect their citizens to know the laws.

A person’s ignorance of the law doesn’t mean that he is allowed to break it.

The legal codes, the statutes and case judgements help the people to behave properly.