2015-06-24
1085
Forests provide a vast range of non-consumptives wh ich we do not actually take out of the forest with us - that includes all types of recreational use, peace and quiet, a place to walk the dog, nature conservation experiences, and so forth. Woodlands and forests produce benefits to the wh o le society not just to individuals. The non-timber benefits of woodlands are broadly divided into: environmental, social, economic.
Environmental
In urban areas, trees can improve green derelict lands and urban landscapes, reduce air pollution, provide new wildlife habitat and reduce flooding spates. Social
By providing pleasant surroundings, trees can improve the ph ysical, mental and community health. They also reduce wind speed and solar radiation.
Economic
Increasing tree cover in and around urban areas can enhance property values and encourage inward investment by removing or coveri ng eyesores and creating a general feeling of well-being and regeneration. In England & Wales, the demand for public recreation in the countryside is likely to be heightened by the Countryside and Ri gh ts of Way (CROW) Act, which includes among its provisions a 'right to roam' by foot on mountain, moor, heath and common land. Woodland is specifically excluded from this right. The England Forestry Strategy, published in 1998, sets out the programmes and priorities for the Government's support for forestry. It recognizes that forestry provides particular benefit to society in four major areas:
Rural Development
Many remote rural communities are undergoing change and decline, as some traditional jobs vani sh, and services (shops, health) become more distant. This focuses attention on potential new opportunities of which rural development forestry is one. The countryside is moving from being simply a centre of production to being more significant as a centre of consumption. The demand for rural recreation and tourism is large and continuing to grow.
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Economic Regeneration
Managing woods and expanding them provides employment on- and off-site.
Recreation, Access & Tourism
Tourism and recreation are major economic generators in the UK countryside. Rural tourism is a major economic activity, with nearly 1500 million visits to the countryside.
Environment and Conservation
Their role in ameliorating greenhouse gases and global warming as carbon sinks is widely promoted. Woodlands ameliorate the climate both locally and across large distances, pump out oxygen into the atmosphere, filter out a lot of atmospheric pollution, prevent soil erosion, etc.
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Задание 2a. Используя словарь, заполните таблицу словами, выделенными жирным шрифтом в тексте «CLIMATE CHANGE»:
| Climate change | ||
| G | C | X |
| [d¯ ] - | [s] - | [ks] - |
| [g] - | [k] - | [gz] - exist |
Задание 2б. Используя словарь, заполните таблицу словами, выделенными жирным шрифтом в тексте «PUBLIC BENEFITS»:
| Public Benefits | ||||||
| sh | ck | wh | ph | gh | ng | kn |
| [∫ ] - | [k] - brick | [w] - [h] - | [f] - | [-] - [f] - enough | [η] - | [n] - knew |
Задание 3. Соедините слова из первой колонки (1-10) со словами из второй колонки (a-j), образуя сложные слова, переведите их на русский язык:
| сложные слова | перевод | ||
| 1. green | a. synthesis | ||
| 2. wood | b. side | ||
| 3. photo | c. wood | ||
| 4. bio | d. house | ||
| 5. energy- | e. site | ||
| 6. fire | f. land | ||
| 7. wild | g. being | ||
| 8. well- | h. intensive | ||
| 9. off- | i. chemical | ||
| 10. country | j. life |
Задание 4. Соедините начала предложений из первой колонки (1-10) с их окончаниями из второй колонки (a-j) и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык:
| 1. | Climate chan g e is occurring ………… _______________________________ _______________________________ | a. | …………through the biochemical process of photosynthesis. |
| 2. | Greenhouse gases are being emitted ……..__________________________ _______________________________ | b. | ……….such as wind or solar power. |
| 3. | Trees and woodlands play ………. _______________________________ _______________________________ | c. | …………as a result of human activity. |
| 4. | They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, storing it as carbon ………_________________________ _______________________________ | d. | …………cutting down some trees to maintain a range of different tree ages. |
| 5. | The carbon is held in the trunk, branches, leaves …………… _______________________________ _______________________________ | e. | …………..into the atmosphere. |
| 6. | Good management of our forests means………____________________ _______________________________ | f. | ………….both locally and across large distances. |
| 7. | Wood is the only major building material……..____________________ _______________________________ | g. | ………….environmental, social, economic. |
| 8. | You may have heard about green energy……….___________________ _______________________________ | h. | ……………a crucial role in regulating our climate. |
| 9. | The non-timber benefits of woodlands are broadly divided into: …………….. _______________________________ _______________________________ | i. | …………….that is renewable. |
| 10. | Woodlands ameliorate the climate …………_______________________ _______________________________ | j. | ……………..and roots of each tree, and even in the forest soil. |
Задание 5. Составьте аннотацию первой части текста Climate change, используя данные выражения, и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык:
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| 1. The title of the text is…… ______________________________________________________________ |
| 2. The author of the text is…… _______________________________________________________________________________ |
| 3. The main idea of the text is…… ______________________________________________________________ |
| 4. The purpose of the text is to give the reader some information on…… ______________________________________________________________ |
| 5. The text is divided into……….paragraphs. ______________________________________________________________ |
| 6. According to the first paragraph……. ______________________________________________________________ |
| 7. According to the second paragraph…… ______________________________________________________________ |
| 8. According to the third paragraph…….. ______________________________________________________________ |
| 9. I found the text (interesting, important, dull, of no value, easy/hard to understand)._________________________________________________ |
Задание 6. Переведите на русский язык названия писем (1-8) и определите, к какому виду письма относятся данные ниже отрывки писем (A-I):
