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| 1. Arched falsework | a) опалубочные кружала |
| 2. Casing | b) обсадная труба, опалубка |
| 3. Concrete setting | c) усадка бетона, схватывание бетона |
| 4. Deep foundations | d) фундамент глубокого заложения |
| 5. Drilled pier, boring pile | e) буровая свая |
| 6. Grillage | f) ростверк |
| 7. Grouting mortar | g) тампонажный раствор |
| 8. Hollow shaft | h) пустотелый цилиндр |
| 9. Hollow-shell pile, encased pile | i) свая-оболочка |
| 10. In situ concrete pile | j) набивная бетонная свая |
| 11. Pile driver | k) свайный копер |
| 12. Ram with concrete | l) бетонировать трамбованным бетоном |
| 13. Shallow foundations | m) фундамент мелкого заложения |
| 14. Sheet piling | n) шпунтовое ограждение/стенка |
| 15. Shrinkage crack | o) усадочная трещина |
Think of the answers to these questions. Give a reason to support what you say.
1. What loads do bridges carry?
2. In most cases, piers are built of concrete and reinforced concrete, aren’t they?
3. According to building methods, concrete piers may be subdivided into three groups. What are they?
4. What is the difference between monolithic and precast concrete piers? What do they have in common?
5. What do the building methods for bridge foundations depend on?
6. What construction technology is suitable for foundations on solid rock?
7. Why is the sheet piling built?
8. What sorts of operations are carried out for building a pier in a river?
9. What method is used to consolidate soil in the water?
10. What building materials are used for holding vertical piles in place?
Unit 14
SUPERSTRUCTURE ERECTION
