2015-07-21
299
I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text:
1. The Mersey Tunnel is one of the most famous underwater tunnels in the world.
2. Two pilot headings, an upper and a left one, were decided to be driven from each bank of the river.
3. The working face of the heading was broken by latest explosives.
4. The divergences in line and level were found to be a fraction of an inch, showing that engineers and designers were a bit inaccurate in their calculations.
5. Ventilation wasn’t considered to be a very big problem.
6. The air was exhausted at the roof level.
7. The tunnel proves to be a solution of the communication difficulties.
8. Plans are now being made for constructing a parallel tunnel along the main one.
9. Now the tunnel carries 10 million vehicles a year.
10. Its total length is over 4 kilometers.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Prove that the tunnel was quite popular after it had been completed.
2. What was new about the construction of the tunnel?
3. What was used to break up the working face?
4. What did the divergences in line and level show?
5. Why was the ventilation in the tunnel realized a problem?
6. How was the ventilation system arranged?
7. What are the plans to solve communication difficulties between Liverpool and Birkenhead?
LANGUAGE FOCUS
III. Match the meanings of these terms with their definition:
| 1. heading | a. a difference between two or more things |
| 2. communication | b. examine the condition of anything |
| 3. explosive | c. form a layer over the inner surface of something |
| 4. fraction | d. pipe or system by which waste gases are expelled |
| 5. survey | e. connection or means of access |
| 6. exhausts | f. horizontal passage made in preparation for building a tunnel, or in a mine. |
| 7. line | g. small part, piece, or amount |
| 8. divergence | h. a substance that can cause an outburst |
IV. Complete the following table:
|
|
|
| noun | verb | adjective |
| divergence | ||
| to explode | ||
| accurate | ||
| determination | ||
| long | ||
| to adopt | ||
| solution | ||
| to ventilate | ||
| communication | ||
| strong |
V. Using the words from the table above complete the following sentences:
1. They have to _____ the problem with the ventilation.
2. To avoid divergences in line and level, the engineers had to be very _____ with their survey.
3. To _____ the road is not an easy task.
4. Your calculation _____ considerably from mine.
5. The _____ of this system of ventilation resulted in imroving indoor comfort.
6. Breaking up the working face of the heading is done with the help of _____.
VI. Make up the sentences from the words below:
