Objectives of Taxation

Tax is a compulsory levy on individuals and companies by the state to meet the expenses of the government. Taxation is imposition of compulsory levies on persons or other entities by governments. Taxes are levied in almost every country of the world, primarily to raise revenue (money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services) for government expenditures. One useful way to view the purpose of taxation is to distinguish between objectives of resource allocation, income redistribution, and economic stability. Economic growth or development and international competitiveness (the ability of a company or a product to compete with others) are sometimes listed as separate goals. In the absence of a strong reason for interference, such as the need to reduce pollution, the resource allocation objective is furthered if tax policy does not interfere with market determined allocations. The redistributive objective is to lessen inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth to the extent they are considered excessive and unjust. The stabilization objective is the maintenance of high employment and price stability.

1.2 Соедините слова с их русскими эквивалентами. Перепишите варианты, выбранные вами.

1.objectives of taxation a)облагать

2. impose b)принудительный

3. compulsory c)уклонение от уплаты налогов

4. levy d)цели налогообложения

5.entity e)уход от налогового обложения

6. raise revenue f) сбор, взимать

7. expenditures g)перераспределение дохода

8. resource allocation h)юридическое лицо

9. income redistribution i)распределение ресурсов

10.competitiveness j)расходы

11.further k)продвигать

12. tax evasion l) конкурентоспособность

13. tax avoidance m)увеличить доход

1.3 Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык и перепишите их.

Налоги существуют во всех странах, каждый человек должен платить налоги, налогообложение не должно вмешиваться в рыночное распределение ресурсов, уменьшить неравенство в распределении доходов, поддерживать стабильность цен.

1.4 Перепишите вопросы и письменно ответьте на них.

1. What is meant by the term “taxation”?

2. Where are taxes levied?

3. When is the resource allocation objective furthered?

4. What is the redistributive objective to do?

5. What is the stabilization objective?