Bank and its Classes

Bank – an institution that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other financial services. Banks accept deposits and make loans and derive a profit from the difference in the interest rates. They also have the power to create money. The two major classes of banks are commercial and central banks. Commercial banks accept savings deposits, make loans and other investments, and offer financial services that facilitate the exchange of funds among individuals and institutions. In addition to the profit derived from the difference in the interest rates, commercial banks charge fees for various services. Central banks are involved in the issue of money and maintain the country’s foreign currency reserves. Central banks maintain the accounts of other banks and supervise their activities. Central banks act as bankers to governments, as the designers of monetary and credit policies, and as lenders of last resort to commercial banks in the case of a financial crisis. Central banks also play a significant psychological role as guarantors of the monetary system. Central banks may be nationalized organizations and are subject to government control, but some of them can have independence from governmental supervision.

1.2 Соедините слова с их русскими эквивалентами. Перепишите выбранные вами варианты.

1. deal in a)гарант

2. deposit b)способствовать

3. derive a profit c)денежные средства

4. savings deposit e)торговать

5. facilitate f)вклад в банк

6. funds g)извлекать прибыль

7. charge fees h)эмиссия

8. Issue i)сберегательный вклад под процент

9. Lender of last resort j)начислять комиссионные

10. guarantor k)последний кредитор

1.3 Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык и перепишите их.

Торговать; сберегательный вклад на неопределённый срок под процент; начислять комиссионные; валютная политика; кредитная политика; денежная система, вклад в банк.

1.4 Перепишите вопросы и письменно ответьте на них.

1. What is meant by the term “bank”?

2. What do banks accept?

3. What are the two major classes of banks?

4. What are central banks involved in?

5. What role do central banks play?

II. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив и определите его форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They also have the power to create money.

2. The sales director claimed to have found three new buyers.

3. The designers selected all the units to be tested in the experiment.

4. One of the fundamental decisions to be taken by entrepreneurs concerns the geographical location of their enterprises.

5. To enter this market requires a lot of hard work.