The past form of 'have' as a full verb

affirmative full form		short form n	egative short form [> 10. 30n 5]
	/ had "	I'd	I	hadn't
	You had	You'd	You hadn't
Tom had =	He had	He'd	He hadn't
Mary had =	She had	She'd	She hadn't' a chance
My car had =	It had	-	It	hadn't
Tom and I had =	We had	We 'd	We hadn 't
Tom and you had =	You had	You'd	You hadn't
Tom and Mary had =	They had	They'd	They hadn't
10.29 The present form of 'have got'
affirmative full form	short form		negative short forms
/ have	got I'	ve	got	I haven't (I've not)	got
Youhave got	You've	got	You haven't (You'venot)	got
Tom = He	has got Tom's	= He's	got	He hasn't (He's not)	got
Mary = She	has got Mary's	= She's	got	She hasn't (She's not)	got
My car = It has	got > My car's = I	t's	got	It hasn't (It's not)	got
Tom and I = Wehave got	We've	got	We haven't (We ve not)	got
Mary and you = Youhave got	You've	got	You haven't (You've not)	got
Tom and Mary = Theyha	ve got	They've	got	They haven't (They've not)	go!

10.30 Notes on the forms of 'have' and 'have got' = 'possess'

Have and have got (= possess) are often interchangeable, but there

are differences between British and American usage.

1 Have got is basically a perfect form. Compare the following:

b) have got (= possess) A Have you got the tickets? B Yes, I've got the tickets (= I possess them.)

a) get (= obtain)

A Go and get the tickets

What have you got? B I've got the tickets (= I have obtained them.

In BrE, have got can be used as the perfect form of get to mean 'have obtained', as in a) above. This meaning is emphasized in the

'Have'/'have got' = 'possess'

AmE form have gotten, which always means 'have obtained'. However, in BrE (more rarely in AmE) have got can also mean 'possess' - as in b) above, so that e.g. / have the tickets and / ve got the tickets are equivalents. Indeed, in spoken, idiomatic BrE, I've got, etc. is more common than / have, etc.

2 In BrE, questions and negatives with have = 'possess' can be
formed in the same way as for be:

Are you ready⁷ Have you a pen'? (= Have you got...?) Aren't you ready⁷ Haven't you a pen? (= Haven't you got...?) You aren't ready You haven't a pen (= You haven't got...) There is an alternative negative form for have got- I've not got, etc., but this is less common than / haven't got. Have on its own (without got) can also form questions and negatives with do does and did- This is usual in AmE and is becoming more common in BrE to the extent that You hadn 't a/an and Had/Hadn 't you a/an? are becoming rare:

You don't have a pen You didn't have a pen Do you have a pen? Did you have a pen?

3 Have (= possess) is a stative verb [> 9.3]. It cannot be used in the
progressive, though it can be used in all simple tenses:
present: / have a Ford
past: He had a Ford last year
present perfect: / have had this car for three years
past perfect: He told me he had had a Ford for several years
future: / will have a new car soon
future perfect: By May I will have had (= possessed) this car

five years
with modals: e.g. / can have a Ford as a company car

Have (= possess) is not normally used in the passive. The imperative (never with got) is rare: Have patience!

4 Have got (= possess) is normally used only for present reference:
I've got a Ford

The affirmative had got is sometimes possible in the past, but had on its own is generally preferred:

The bride looked lovely Her dress had (got) a fine lace train We can never use had got for certain states: He had (Not 'had got") long hair when he was a teenager Had got is generally used in its original sense of 'had obtained': When I saw him he had just got a new car Will have got is only used in the sense of 'will have obtained': By May I will have got (= will have obtained) a new car Have got in the passive is impossible.

5 Hadn't got is usually possible as an alternative to didn t have:

I didn't have (hadn't got) an appointment, so I made one for 4 p m

I felt cold I didn't have (hadn't got) a coat

Hadn't on its own (always contracted) is possible (/ hadn't an

appointment, I hadn't a coat) but not very usual.

In past questions, the usual form is Did you have?:

Did you have an appointment? When did you have one?

10 Be, Have, Do

Had you? sounds old-fashioned and formal. Had you got? can be used in Yes/No questions, but sounds awkward in Wh-questions, so is usually avoided:

Had you got an appointment? (but not usually When had you got?) Have got is preferable to have in Which subject-questions: Which (pen) have you got? (or do you have?), but not usually Which (pen) have you?

6 Some forms of have (= possess) are rare or not encountered at all:

- the short form of the affirmative, especially in the third person (he's/she's). The full form is used: He/She has a pen

- the uncontracted negative. The contracted form is normal: / haven't (or hadn t) a pen

- some question-forms, except when formed with do, etc. (note 5).

7 Compare: My bag's old It's old (= My bag is old/It is old) My bag's got a hole in it It's got a hole in it (= My bag has got a hole in it/It has got a hole in it)

8 The non-standard form ain't got is commonly heard in place of haven't got and hasn t got [compare > 10.7n.4]:

/ ain't got my bag. She ain't got her bag.

Similarly, have and has are often omitted before got; I got my car outside, (for / have got)

10.31 When we use 'have' and 'have got' = 'possess'

In all the examples below, have can be replaced by have got in the present and sometimes in the past. Short forms with got (I've got) are much more common than full forms (/ have got), especially in speech.

1 In the sense of 'own' or 'possess' [> App 38.5]:

/ have (got) a new briefcase

2 In the sense of 'be able to provide':

Do you have/Have you (got) any ink? (= Can you let me have

some?)

Do you have/Have you (got) any fresh eggs? (= Can you let me

have some?)

3 Have (got) + number (of things)/quantity of a substance:

/ have (got) fourteen pencils I have (got) a lot of milk

4 Possession of physical characteristics [> App 25.37]: Have and have got combine with nouns like: a beard blue eyes long hair a scar a slim figure, to describe appearance: You should see our baby He has (got) big brown eyes Our dog has (got) long ears This plant has (got) lovely russet leaves Our house has (got) five rooms

5 Possession of mental and emotional qualities [> App 42.1.10]: Have and have got combine with nouns like: faith a good minci patience a quick temper, to describe character: She has (got) nice manners but she has (got) a quick temper

'Have' (= something other than 'possess')

6 Family relationships:

/ have (got) two sisters

7 Contacts with other people: / have (got) a good dentist (i.e. whom I can recommend to you)

8 In the sense of 'wear' [> App 25.37]: That's a nice dress you have/you've got In this sense, have often combines with on: have something on have got something on

That s a nice dress you have on/you've got on I can't answer the door I have (got) nothing on

9 Illnesses [> App 42.1.7]:
Have and have got combine with nouns describing pains and
illnesses. For the use of a/an with such nouns [> 3.15]:

/ have (got) a cold/a bad headache The baby has (got) measles

10 Arrangements [> App 42.1.4]: Have and have got combine with nouns like: an appointment a conference, a date, an interview a meeting, time, etc.: / have (got) an appointment with my dentist tomorrow morning Sally has (got) an interview for a job today

11 Opinions [> App 42.1.10]: Have and have got combine with nouns like: an idea, influence, an objection, an opinion a point of view, a proposal, a suggestion I have (got) an idea¹ Have you (got) any objection to this proposal?

12 In the sense of 'there is': You have (got) a stain on your tie (= There is a stain on your tie.) You have (got) sand in your hair (= There is sand in your hair.)

'Have' as a full verb meaning something other than 'possess'

32 Forms of 'have' meaning something other than 'possess'

imperative: Have a cup of coffee¹

simple present. / always have milk in my tea

present progressive: We re having a nice time

simple past We had a lovely holiday last summer

past progressive: / was having a bath when the phone rang

present perfect Poor Jim has just had an accident

present perfect progressive: The children have been having a lot of fun

past perfect: / woke up because I had had a bad dream

past perfect progressive. / woke up I had been having a bad dream

simple future. / II have a haircut tomorrow

future progressive: If anyone phones, III be having a bath

future perfect: You'll have had an answer by tomorrow

future perfect progressive: She will have been having treatment all her life

with modal verbs: e g. You could have a cup of tea if you like

10 Be, Have, Do

10.33 The forms 'have' (= possess) and 'have' (other meanings)

1 Have, in the sense of 'eat, enjoy, experience, drink, take', etc., is a
dynamic verb [> 9.3] so it is concerned with actions (e.g. have a
walk), not states like have in the sense of 'possess' (e.g. / have (got)
a car) Because of this, it can be used in the progressive form of all
the tenses. Compare:
/ have (= I've got) a drink, thanks
(i.e. it's in my hand: stative)