20.1 Structure of Gas Networks 421
20.2 The Vulnerabilities and Risks of Gas Networks 423
20.2.1 Why Is Risk Investigation Important? 423
20.2.2 What Are the Vulnerabilities and Risks of
Gas Networks? 424
20.3 How to Manage Risks in Gas Networks? 430
20.3.1 Valuating Key Asset and Estimating Losses 431
20.3.2 Identifying and Describing Vulnerabilities and Threats 431
20.3.3 Performing Risk Assessments 433
20.3.4 Developing Applicable Risk-Abatement Options 435
20.3.5 Analyzing Options to Select Cost-Effective Ones 436
20.3.6 Implementing Chosen Activities 437
21 Modeling the Energy Freight-Transportation Network 441