Now complete these statements by choosing the answer which you think fits best

1 An example of a product which might well have been adver­tised during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution is

a a cooking utensil.

b a new child's toy.

с tinned fruit.

d household soap.

2 The small-scale manufacturers of this period did not need to advertise because

a there was no competition between different firms.

b customers bought goods directly from the factory.

с the demand for most goods was fairly constant.

d they were not committed to producing one type of product.

3 It is explained that during the depression small businesses combined in order to

a spread their commercial risks.

b gain control of the market.

с increase their profits.

d finance mass advertising.

4 The account of the soap trade in paragraph 3 illustrates how

a products came to be distributed by travelling salesmen.

b products came to be given separate identity.

с leading manufacturers produced an excess of goods.

d wholesalers drove their competitors out of business.

5 The Pears soap advertisement suggests that, compared with similar products, Pears soap

a is more economical to use.

b is more pleasant to use.

с makes the task less difficult.

d makes the task less lengthy.

6 Early twentieth century advertising differed from previous mass advertising in that it

a contained more factual information.

b included more pictorial detail.

с relied more on appearing rational.

d relied more on memorable phrases.

Living in Portugal

E. Listen to Jean talking about her experience of moving to a foreign country.

1. List three consequences of Jean's not being able to speak Portuguese when she first went to live in Portugal.

2. Now listen to the tape again and pick out three areas where life in Portugal improved for Jean after she had been there for some time. Indicate the nature of the change.

THEME TWO

First Impressions

A. Discuss with a partner the following questions.

When you meet someone for the first time, what are the charac­teristics of that person that create the first impression?

Are these impressions based on aspects of the individual or on thestereotypes?

How far do you think the way individuals are perceived by other people is influenced by:

- sex stereotyping?

- education, upbringing and cultural norms?

- the role they are playing?

Now read Text A quickly and pick out three points that the author makes about self-presentation.

Text A