Test in theory

Choose only one right variant

1. What type of communication is frequently reduced to monologue addressed by one person to many and is prepared in advance?

a) informal style

b) official and business talks

c) everyday conversation

d) all mentioned above

2. The main circumstances of reality that cause phonetic modification in speech are as follows:

a) the aim and the extent of spontaneity of speech

b) the extent of formality of speech and expressed attitude

c) the nature of interchange

d) all above-mentioned

3. Formal style covers those varieties of English that you can hear from:

a) a schoolmate

b) a relative

c) a lecturer

d) a shop assistant

4. Informal style embraces the most widespread occurrences of English which are used by:

a) a radio announcer

b) an intimate friend

c) a public speaker

d) a lecturer

5. How do we call circumstances/factors of reality that cause phonetic modification in speech?

a) psychological factors

b) social factors

c) extra-linguistic factors

d) phonetic features

6. According to the degree of formality and familiarity formal style is divided into the following categories:

a) formal-neutral and formal-official

b) formal-neutral and formal-familiar

c) formal-familiar and formal-ordinary

d) formal-ordinary and formal-official

7. According to the degree of formality and familiarity informal style is divided into the following categories:

a) informal-neutral and informal-official

b) informal-neutral and informal-familiar

c) informal-familiar and informal-ordinary

d) informal-ordinary and informal-official

8. Extra-linguistic factors that cause phonetic modification in speech do not include:

a) the aim of spontaneity of speech

b) the degree of politeness

c) the nature of interchange

d) the extent of spontaneity of speech

9. What determines the choice of a speech style?

a) a situation

b) a conversation

c) age and sex of interlocutors

d) a sphere of communication

10. What is the main and most widely recognized division of English speech?

a) formal and informal

b) public and non-public

c) official and ordinary

d) familiar and neutral

11. Formal-neutral style doesn’t include:

a) a lecturer

b) a teacher’s explanation

c) a public speech

d) a report on one’s work

12. Formal-official style embraces:

a) an everyday talk between neighbours

b) official talks

c) a conversation on a bus

d) a research before a small group of people

13. Informal-ordinary style doesn’t include:

a) a conversation on a bus

b) a talk between schoolmates

c) an exchange of remarks in a post office

d) a business talk

14. What is regarded as the norm?

a) the invariant of the phonetic patterns circulating in language-in-action at a given period of time

b) the invariant of grammatical categories that represent certain ideals of speech behaviour

c) stylistic varieties of speech cherished by a certain language community

d) deviations from phonetic patterns that do not always coincide with the actual speech behaviour

15. What is a common means of expressiveness in informal conversation?

a) the use of emphatic varieties of simple tones with the rising tones

b) the use of complex tones with the high pre-head and emphatic varieties of simple tones

c) the use of complex tones with the low pre-head and emphatic varieties of simple tones

d) the use of simple tones with the high pre-head and stepping head

16. What types of head are generally used in informal speech?

a) high and ascending

b) stepping

c) sliding and scandent

d) descending

17. What features is formal neutral written style of speech characterized by?

a) the use of the 1-st person singular

b) the use of unfinished paragraphs

c) the use of colloquial vocabulary

d) the absence of abbreviations

18. What is an intonational style? Choose the right definition.

a) a system of complex and simple tones that are used to express a certain social idea

b) a variety of language that cause differences in pronunciation

c) a system of interrelated intonational means which is used in a certain social sphere and serves a definite aim in communication

d) a system of prepared and unprepared speech that serves a definite aim in communication

19. What style is not distinguished by the British phonetician D. Jones in his classification?

a) rapid familiar

b) slower colloquial

c) natural

d) publicistic

20. How many styles of good spoken English were distinguished by T. Kenyon?

a) 3

b) 4

c) 5

d) 6

21. Who of the phoneticians discriminates such styles as the acquired style of the stage and the acquired style used in singing?

a) Shcherba

b) T. Kenyon

c) D. Jones

d) Galperin

22. What styles of pronunciation are distinguished by L.V. Shcherba?

a) public reading and public speaking

b) colloquial and familiar

c) natural and declamatory

d) colloquial and full

23. Who suggested classifying phonetic styles into informal ordinary, formal official, informal familiar, formal neutral and declamatory?

a) D. Jones

b) J.A. Dubovsky

c) L.V. Shcherba

d) T. Kenyon

24. Which of these styles is not included in the classification of M.A. Sokolova?

a) natural

b) informational

c) declamatory

d) conversational

25. According to I.R. Galperin scientific prose style can be found in:

a) monographs

b) brochures and articles

c) essays and feature articles

d) academic publications

26. What genres does belles-lettres style embrace?

a) genres of creative writing

b) of public speaking

c) of official documents

d) of scientific publications

27. What imposes restrictions on the speaker’s choice of an intonational style?

a) formality of speech

b) situational context and the speaker’s purpose

c) age of interlocutors

d) social status of interlocutors

28. What are types of information that present in communication?

a) intellectual information

b) emotional and modal information

c) volitional and desiderative information

d) all enumerated

29. What does speech typology embrace?

a) varieties of language

b) degree of speech preparedness and forms of communication

c) the number of participants and the character of their relationship

d) all enumerated

30. What forms of communication are generally singled out?

a) monologue and polylogue

b) dialogue and polylogue

c) monologue and dialogue

d) none enumerated

31. Which intonation style can’t occur in the spoken variety of English?

a) scientific

b) declamatory

c) publicistic

d) informational

32. Which of the styles can’t be non-public according to the number of participants?

a) declamatory

b) familiar

c) scientific

d) publicistic

33. Which of the styles can be informal according to the character of participants’ relationship?

a) informational

b) scientific

c) declamatory

d) publicistic

34. Which of the intonation styles does not occur in the written variety of language?

a) declamatory

b) familiar

c) scientific

d) informational

35. Which of the styles never occurs in the monologic form of conversation?

a) scientific

b) declamatory

c) familiar

d) none enumerated

36. Which of the intonation styles can be spontaneous according to the degree of speech preparedness?

a) informational

b) declamatory

c) familiar

d) all above-mentioned

37. Which kind of intonation patterns is typical of informational style?

a) intellectual

b) volitional

c) desiderative

d) emotional

38. Which intonation style can not be prepared?

a) scientific

b) familiar

c) declamatory

d) publicistic

39. How does the speaker sound while using informational style?

a) aggressive

b) uncertain

c) dispassionate

d) considered

40. What intonation pattern is used in informational style as its characteristic feature?

a) (Low Pre-Head +) Falling Head + Low Fall (Low Rise) (+ Tail)

b) (Low Pre-Head +) Rising Head + Low Rise (+ Tail)

c) (Low Pre-Head +) Stepping Head + High Fall (+ Tail)

d) (Low Pre-Head +) Falling Head + Rise-Fall (+ Tail)

41. What is the speaker’s purpose in scientific style?

a) to create new ideas

b) to direct listener’s attention to the message

c) to prove a hypothesis

d) to disclose relations between different phenomena

42. Who is scientific style used by?

a) radio announcers

b) TV announcers

c) university lectures

d) public speakers

43. What kind of discourse does scientific style occur in?

a) prepared, non-public and formal

b) spoken, public, formal

c) spontaneous, public, informal

d) prepared, public, formal

44. What is the most common pre-nuclear pattern used in academic kind of lecturing?

a) (High Pre-Head +) Stepping Head

b) (High Pre-Head +) Falling Head

c) (Low Pre-Head +) Stepping Head

d) none enumerated

45. What is the difference between the Stepping Head and the Falling Head when used in scientific style?

a) the Stepping Head sounds aggressive

b) the Stepping Head has a greater persuasive appeal

c) the Falling Head makes the whole intonation group sound weighty

d) the Stepping Head indicates uncertainty

46. How do understand the term “Heterogeneous Head”?

a) it’s a combination of two or several heads

b) it’s a variety of High Heads

c) it’s a combination of the Descending Head and Mid-Level tone

d) it’s a number of stressed and unstressed syllables following the nuclear tone

47. What purpose are the High Fall and the Fall-Rise used for in scientific style, namely in academic kind of lecturing?

a) as means of logical emphasis and emphasis for contrast

b) for making impression on the audience

c) for increasing loudness and speed

d) as means of internal boundaries

48. What does hesitation phenomenon denote?

a) personal appeal of an individual

b) emphasis for contrast and logical emphasis

c) forgetfulness and uncertainty

d) personal participation and involvement in the situation

49. The most widely used hesitation phenomena are repetitions of words and filled pauses. The latter may be:

a) vocalic

b) consonantal

c) mixed

d) all above-mentioned

50. What is the Scandent Head characterized by when reading aloud scientific prose?

a) a combination of stressed and half-stressed syllables

b) an upward of pitch movement over the stress-groups

c) a combination of two or several heads

d) a descending pitch movement over the nuclear tone

51. How does the speed of utterance of reading aloud scientific prose fluctuate?

a) from slow to normal

b) from normal to accelerated

c) from normal to fast

d) from fast to slow

52. What nuclear tones are final intonation groups pronounced with in the case of reading aloud scientific prose?

a) the Low Rise and Mid-Level

b) the High Fall and the Low Rise

c) the Low Fall and the High Fall

d) the Fall-Rise and the Low Rise

53. What nuclear tone of final intonation groups is typical of declamatory style?

a) the Low Fall

b) the Fall-Rise

c) the Low Rise

d) the Rise-Fall

54. The speed of utterance in reading descriptive prose is determined as:

a) fast

b) moderate

c) normal

d) slow

55. Which of the following is related to the common sphere of use of publicistic style?

a) telephone conversations

b) radio announcements

c) university lectures

d) parliamentary debates

56. What intonation patterns are political speeches characterized by in the pre-nuclear part?

a) (Low Pre-Head +) Stepping or Rising Head

b) (Low Pre-Head +) Scandent Head

c) (Low Pre-Head +) Stepping or Falling Head

d) (Low Pre-Head +) Stepping or Mid-Level Head

57. By means of what is a political speech maker tying to gain maximum effect in his utterance?

a) hesitation phenomena

b) fluctuated sentence-stress

c) a glottal stop

d) a rhetorical silence

58. Conversational style of speech is characterized by the absence of stable pattern of…:

a) pauses

b) tempo and rhythm

c) speed of utterance

d) final intonation groups

59. What is one of the most essential distinctive features of an informal spontaneous conversation?

a) the occurrence of falling tones

b) the occurrence of hesitations phenomena

c) the occurrence of scandent heads

d) the occurrence of short pauses

60. What is the most noticeable aspect of an informal conversation when speaking about vocabulary?

a) the usage of specialized terms

b) the usage of formal phraseology

c) the usage of vocabulary simple in structure

d) the usage of clichés