Speech and composition

Ex 43 Answer the following questions, using the vocabulary of the lesson. Sum up your answers (orally, or in writing).

GETTING ABOUT TOWN IN A TAXI

1. When do people usually take a taxi? 2. Is it always easy to catch one? 3. Can you order a taxi by telephone? 4. How do you stop a taxi in the street? 5. Does the driver have to bring the taxi to the curb to take on a passenger or is he allowed to stop in the middle of the street? 6. In what way does a taxi look different from other cars? 7. What are its identification marks? (chessboard line).

WALKING ABOUT THE CITY AT NIGHT

1. Have you ever taken a walk in (about) the city at night? in the early hours of the morning? 2. When was it? 3. How does a city look by night? 4. What lights up the streets at night? 5. How do the houses look against the dark sky? 6. What makes the city look beautiful? 7. Why is the traffic less heavy at night than in the day? 8. Why is the air cleaner at night? 9. Why are the streets no longer noisy? 10. When are all the lights in the city put out?

YOU CAN NEVER BE TOO CAREFUL

1. Why must you be attentive when in the street? 2. Why must you be careful to cross the streets in definite places only? 3. Why aren't children allowed to cross the street by themselves? 4. Why must children and blind people be helped to cross the road? 5. Do you have to look first to the right or to the left when crossing the street? 6. Why do Englishmen have to look first to the right and then to the left? 7. What are underground passages for? 8. In what way have they made the work of drivers much easier?

Ex 44 Read and retell the following. Discuss the problem of race discrimination in the USA.

PLEDGER'S WAY HOME

Pledger gave part of his pay for a ticket to Chicago. Through the long night he lay half asleep, with his head against the arm of his seat, thinking how it would be when he stepped down from the train and Sarah came towards him along the platform. The cold of the winter night came through the windows. Pledger wrapped himself up in his khaki coat.

Towards morning the train stopped in an Indiana town. He woke up and got down to the platform, where he began to walk up and down. He felt cold. He walked fast across the street from the station for a cup of coffee. A few people were in the restaurant eating breakfast and Pledger felt the American smell of coffee and toast and bacon. Smiling with pleasure, he sat down at the counter and took the menu.

The counterman was standing over him, young, white and self-important. "What do you want in here, fellow?"

"Coffee and fried eggs," Pledger said calmly.

"We don't serve no coloured in here."

Pledger stared at the other attentively for a moment before he understood. He caught his breath. Getting up from the chair, Pledger lifted his brown hands in the air. Then he let them fall. He was making an effort to control himself. He saw the other people in the restaurant watching him with expressionless faces. The door closed behind him. He was no longer hungry and now he did not even feel angry. He crossed the street and walked down to the end of the train.

He felt empty and bitter and humiliated because of what had been done to him. For a moment he remembered that a Marshal of France had pinned to the flag of his regiment the Croix de Guerre;* he remembered the French girls who had kissed the Negro soldiers and cried over them, and the Mayor of New York standing with his hat in his hands. But now he was waking up; it seemed that the people who had been his friends had gone. He found himself alone in the winter daylight, staring across the snow-covered fields.

He got on the train and took his seat. He sat through the long hours as the train ran towards Chicago.

(After "The Great Midland" by A. Saxton)

Ex 45 Read the following, answer the questions and retell the passage in English.

РАСИЗМ КАК ОН ЕСТЬ

Я сел в поезд Вашингтон — Нью-Йорк. Мои соседи оживленно разговаривали о какой-то выставке. Один из них, по имени Фрэнк, ехал по делам в Нью-Йорк откуда-то с юга. Говорил он с ярко выраженным южным акцентом.

— Хороший художник, этот негр — продолжал Фрэнк, — и родом из нашего города. Мы пошли к президенту клуба Бейкеру и говорим: надо устроить выставку этого негра в нашем клубе. Бейкер отказался. В нашем клубе выставка чернокожего? Никогда! Мы говорим: времена переменились. Нет, говорит Бейкер, у меня есть принципы, которым я собираюсь оставаться верным до конца жизни. И вдруг, представьте, проходит неделя, и Бейкер говорит, что он много передумал за эти дни и что он был неправ. И вот с тем, чтобы показать, что мы не расисты, он решил устроить выставку этого негра. Весь город был удивлен поведением Бейкера. А он держится спокойно, всем говорит: приходите, картины хорошие.

Гости начали съезжаться к шести часам. У дверей Майк, такой высокий, седой негр. Набралось уже много народу. Тут подъезжает машина, и из нее выходит негр. Я-то сразу его узнал — художник. А Майк сделал шаг навстречу: «Вам куда, мистер?» Тот отвечает: «На выставку. Я художник, это моя выставка. Вот приглашение». Майк даже не посмотрел. «Прошу выйти, — говорит, — сюда цветных не пускают».

— Так и не пустили? — поразился его сосед.

— Ну, не знаете вы Бейкера. Как раз в этот момент он появляется и спрашивает: «Что тут у вас происходит?» Майк отвечает: «Простите, сэр, сейчас все будет в порядке», и начинает толкать художника к двери. «Постой, Майк, кто это?» спрашивает Бейкер. «Не знаю, сэр, говорит, что художник...» «Художник?! Так пропусти его, Майк, он же автор картин сегодняшней выставки».

Художник молча повернулся и ушел.

Как я потом узнал. Майку в тот день приказали особо — ни одного цветного не пускать.

Questions

1. Where was the author travelling? 2. What were his fellow passengers talking about? 3. Who did most of the talking? 4. How did the author know that Frank was a southerner? 5. What story was Frank telling his neighbour? 6. Why did the club members decide that it was time to arrange a Negro artist's show at their club? 7. What reputation did the club have? 8. Why did Baker, the club's president, refuse to allow such a show at first? 9. What principles was he talking about? 10. How did Baker explain to the club members why he had changed his mind about the show? What dictated Baker's decision to hold a one-man show of the black artist's works? 11. Why did Baker's change of heart seem strange to most of the townspeople? 12. When did guests start arriving at the club? 13. When did the artist arrive? 14. What happened when the artist approached the doorman? 15. Why did the doorman say that the artist had no right to enter? 16. What did the doorman say when the artist showed him the invitation card and explained why he had come? 17. At what exact moment did Baker make his appearance? 18. Why did the doorman start pushing the artist toward the door? 19. Why didn't the artist stay for the opening of his own show? 20. What special orders had the doorman received on that day? 21. The whole thing had been prearranged, hadn't it?

Ex 46 Act as interpreter. Sum up the dialogue.

A: Not long ago a congress of coloured and black people was held in the United States in Miami. The delegates concentrated on race discrimination, unemployment, social injustice and violation of human rights. Do citizens of the USSR of different races and nationalities enjoy equal rights?

В: Граждане СССР всех рас и национальностей равны перед законом. Это право гарантируется Конституцией СССР.

A: In America freedom and justice are not for everyone. A black person earned in 1980 only 57 per cent of a white. What about the Soviet Union? Do all the people get equal pay for equal work?

В: Равноправие граждан СССР обеспечивается во всех областях экономической, политической и культурной жизни.

A: What rights do Socialist Republics of the USSR have?

В: Все 15 Социалистических Республик имеют свою Конституцию, законодательные органы власти, имеют право на экономическое, социальное и культурное развитие и другие права, которые обеспечиваются Конституцией СССР.

A: I read once that V. I. Lenin said that one cannot live in society and be free from society. How do you understand this?

В: Это значит, что человек, живя в обществе, не только пользуется правами, но что он имеет и обязанности перед обществом.

A: I see. It means that without discipline and respect for public order, democracy and individual freedom are unthinkable.

В: Именно так. И, с другой стороны, нельзя говорить о свободе личности, если не будут обеспечены ее экономические, социальные и культурные права.

Ех 47 Use the following words and phrases in situations of your own.

1. Driving a Car Is Not Easy

be eager to learn to drive (a car); a careful driver; enjoy (fast) driving; be good at one's job; take one's seat at the wheel; be filled with excitement; move along the street; feel perfectly splendid; be careful not to break the traffic regulations; stop at the traffic lights; see sb hurrying across the street; drive slowly; be always attentive; turn a corner; suddenly; catch one's breath; not lose one's head; stop the car in time; make an effort; behave calmly; continue on one's way; be full of danger (of the road).

2. Carelessness Is a Dangerous Thing

have a job in a chemical laboratory; the trouble is; be careless; hate asking questions; do things one's own way; pay no attention to sb; decide to make an experiment; do sth in a hurry; fill a glass with sulphuric acid; add water; make a terrible mistake; be badly hurt; be frightened to death; be taken to hospital.

3. Mistaken Identity

walk along the street; suddenly; hear sb cry out "Look here"; turn one's head towards the voice; see sb approaching; look happy; hold out one's hand; feel strange; interrupt sb; you see...; to one's mind; be mistaken; be awfully sorry; remind sb of sb; look exactly like sb; it's all right.

Ex 48 Discuss the following, giving your arguments for or against.

1. You believe that a person will show what he is really like only in a moment of danger. Your friend says that it is not always so. The only way to learn about a person is when you work or study together with him.

2. You believe that the most important qualities in a friend are honesty and truthfulness. Your friend says that there's nothing he likes better in a friend than kindness and readiness to help.

Ex 49 Topics for oral and written composition.

1. Tell the episode as it was seen by Caleb.

2. The position of the Black population in the United States.

3. Race discrimination — the policy of the ruling classes in the USA.

4. The Black movement for civil rights in the USA.

5. The Soviet Constitution about the rights of the Soviet people.

LESSON TWELVE

Text: "Barney's Maggie" by Walter Macken.¹

Grammar: Modal Verbs "should" and "need".

Link-verbs.

BARNEY'S MAGGIE²

Coleman was going duck shooting because he wanted to be alone.

The reason he wanted to be alone was that he was very popular. He was twenty-four. He was very good-looking. His face was strong, he had even white teeth, a straight nose, long lashes and blue eyes. He was just six foot³ tall and very well built. Even the old clothes he wore in the fields sat very well on his body.

He could sing well and he could play the accordion and he could dance. He was also a good man in a boat or behind the wheel of a tractor.

He liked to shoot at the end of the valley. The place was a long way from the road where he left his bicycle, and he had to go up the hill to Barney's house and then cross several fields, one after another. As he walked along with a gun under his arm he suddenly heard a thundering behind him. He looked back and saw that Barney's bull was after him. Why it had suddenly come into the bull's head to run after a harmless man going across the field, Coleman didn't know, and he didn't even have time to think. He was a very fast runner, but the bull seemed even faster. Then out of the corner of his eye he saw a girl coming over the wall with a stick in her hand. It was a very light stick. She ran towards him. He shouted, "Go back!" But there⁴ was the girl facing the bull. The bull stopped, and that was his trouble.⁵ Before he could make up his mind the girl struck him on the nose with her stick. The bull turned and went off.

Coleman was ashamed and angry. "You needn't have done that," he said.

"He was very near you," the girl said. "I was afraid he was going to hurt you."

Coleman looked at the girl. He recognized her at once. They had an expression in the place.⁶ They said: "Such and such a thing is as ugly as Barney's Maggie."⁷ She was a tall girl, as tall as himself, and the kindest thing to be said about her was that she had nice hair.

Suddenly Coleman laughed. "Ah, to hell⁸ with it," he said. "I was afraid for my life."

"That's nonsense," she said firmly.

"Well," he said, "that's that. Thanks. I must be going. I'll see you again."

"Goodbye, Coleman," she said.

Several days after that Coleman kept thinking about Maggie. He thought, why do they say "as ugly as Barney's Maggie". She's well built. She has nice brown eyes and nice hair. They shouldn't be allowed to talk about people like that. Then another thought came to his mind. "I suppose she'll tell the whole place about me and the bull and I'll be a laughing stock."

But she didn't.

The next time he saw her was at the monthly fair. He was buying cattle. He knew somebody was looking at him for a long time, and he turned his head and saw her up the street, looking at him. She was tall enough to be seen over the heads of the people.

"Hello, Maggie," he said, and wondered that he got pleasure out of pronouncing her name. "Will you be going to the dance tonight?"

"Yes," she said. "I always go."

He looked forward to the dance. He saw her. She was well-dressed and he liked the look of her and he danced with her and she was light on her feet.⁹

He wanted to be with her all the time.

He knew the way she cycled home and let her go to follow her later on his bicycle. They walked the four miles to her home. It was a bright night. They didn't talk much; but before they reached the house Coleman knew that he couldn't do without her.

There on the road, he didn't even kiss her. He held her hand and then said: "Listen, Maggie, on Friday night I will come up to the house and I will talk to your father." That's what he said.

Coleman expected to wake up in the morning feeling unhappy saying, What have I done? Why did I say I would be up on Friday to ask for her?¹⁰ But he didn't feel that way.

Friday before going to her house he went into his pub to get a pint.¹¹ He had been working hard all day in the fields and he wanted a pint. He was cleaned up and shone like a pair of shoes.

He drank alone as he would¹² sometimes do. Suddenly he heard a man saying, "...as mad as Barney's Joe!" "Could that be the same Barney?" he wondered. What did they mean?

He turned.

"Who's this you say, Rino?" he asked the man. "Who's this Joe of Barney?"

Rino laughed.

"Where were you, Coleman?" he asked. "That's the Barney that has the ugly daughter. You know. The one up the valley. His son, that is. His son Joe. He went mad."

"I see," said Coleman, and his blood ran cold.¹³ He left the pint there and went out into the evening. That settled it. She should have said something about this. Did she have time to say anything? She didn't. How many times had he talked to her at all? Very few. What was he going to do? He knew what he would do. He would say to hell with them. He could imagine her up in the house waiting for him and her father waiting for him. So what did he do? He went back into the pub and got drunk and started a quarrel with Rino. That's what he did. And that night was to be remembered for a long time. They spoke of it as the night Coleman got drunk and beat up Rino.

But nobody ever knew how Coleman felt when he woke up the next morning. He woke up and said: "Oh, God, I have ruined my life." And he hurriedly dressed and went up to her house. He went in the open door. Only she was there in the kitchen sweeping the floor and she saw him, and he looked into her eyes he knew it was no good, no good at all, just like before one look and he knew he loved her.

No talk at all. He just turned and left and came back to the valley.

He's much older now and his hair is very grey and he is a very hard worker and people like him a lot, but many wonder why Coleman never married. Never at all. Now you know.

(Adapted)

NOTES

1. Walter Macken, born in 1921, a modern Irish writer.

2. Maggie: the short for "Margaret". Barney's Maggie — Maggie the daughter of Barney.

3. foot: a measure of length, 12 inches or 0.3 metre; it is always "foot" in compound words used attributively; eg "six foot tall", "a man five foot two (inches)"

4. there: as "here", when used in its true meaning at the beginning of a sentence will require inversion. Eg "There goes my bus!" "Here comes my friend." But: "Here it (he, etc) is!"

5. trouble: here mistake

6. They had an expression in the place: when speaking of Maggie people used to say...

7. as ugly as Barney's Maggie: a variation of the idiomatic comparison "(as) ugly as sin" страшна как смертный грех. Also, "as mad as Barney's Joe". Compare "(as) mad as a March hare (Hatter)" совсем выжить из ума, рехнуться.

Idiomatic comparisons are widely used in spoken English. Here are a few more: "(as) light as a feather" легкий как перышко; "(as) brave as a lion" храбрый как лев; "(as) white as snow" белый как снег.

8. hell (sl): an exclamation often used to express anger, surprise, etc, as in "To hell with it (him, them, etc)!" К черту! Черт с ним!

9. light on her feet: a good dancer

10. ask for her: ask for her hand in marriage

11. pint: a pint of beer. In Great Britain a pint is about 0.57 litre.

12. would: here it serves to show that something happens from time to time; eg He would often go swimming mornings. From time to time a heavy rain would start falling.

13. his blood ran cold: he was filled with terror он похолодел от ужаса

VOCABULARY

reason n 1. причина, основание, мотив, довод What's the reason for his absence? The reason why he did it is not known. We have no reason not to believe him; 2. разум, рассудок, благоразумие Only man has reason. Phr hear (listen to) reason прислушаться к голосу рассудка, не пренебрегать разумными доводами; (un)reasonable а (не)благоразумный, (не)обоснованный a reasonable man (decision, argument, price, etc)

straight а прямой a straight road (line, nose, question, etc); straight adv прямо, сразу же sit (stand, walk, etc) straight; After classes he went straight home.

harm n вред, ущерб; зло, обида There's no harm in doing it. Sorry, I meant no harm. Phr do harm (to sb/sth) вредить, наносить вред, ущерб (кому-н/чему-н); harmful a a harmful drink (habit, climate, etc); harmless a a harmless man (joke, remark, game, etc)

strike vt/vi (struck) 1. ударять(ся), бить strike sb (on the head, across the face, etc) The clock struck twelve. When he fell he struck his head against something hard. Phr strike a match зажечь спичку; 2. приходить в голову; поражать An idea suddenly struck him. She was struck by the news. We were struck by the beauty of the place.

ashamed predic а пристыженный, испытывающий чувство стыда be (feel) ashamed стыдиться; You should be ashamed of what you've said. He was ashamed to look at them. Phr be ashamed for sb стыдиться за кого-н; be ashamed of sb/sth стыдиться кого-н/чего-н

recognize vt 1. узнавать recognize a man (a face, sb's voice, a place, etc); 2. признавать (государство, чьи-н права и т. п.) recognize a country (sb's rights, etc); recognition n

firm а твердый, стойкий, настойчивый a firm decision (character, hand, voice, step, price, etc); She is firm with the children. He was firm in his decision; firmly adv speak (walk, hold, etc) firmly

settle vt урегулировать, улаживать settle a problem (question, argument, matter; one's affairs, etc). Phr That's settled. Решено.

quarrel vi ссориться quarrel with sb about sth; quarrel n; Phr settle (make up) a quarrel помириться

beat vt (beat, beaten) 1. (по)бить (кого-н); 2. побеждать, выигрывать Не beat me at chess. Our basketball players beat all the other teams; 3. биться (о сердце) Her heart was beating fast.

WORD COMBINATIONS

be after sb/sth 1. преследовать кого-н/что-н; 2. добиваться чего-н

out of the comer of one's eye краем глаза

be afraid for sb/sth бояться за кого-н/чего-н

keep (on) doing sth продолжать делать что-н

get pleasure out of (from) doing sth получать удовольствие от чего-н

look forward to sth (doing sth) с нетерпением ждать, предвкушать что-н

go mad сойти с ума

it's no good бесполезно

EXERCISES

COMPREHENSION

Ex 1 Answer the following questions.

1. What was Coleman like? 2. Why did he go duck shooting that day? 3. What happened as he was crossing one of Barney's fields? 4. How did the girl drive the bull away? 5. Why did Coleman feel ashamed and angry? 6. What were Coleman's thoughts as he looked at the girl? 7. Why did Coleman keep thinking about Maggie several days after the incident? 8. What was he afraid of? 9. When did Coleman see Maggie next? 10. Why was he happy to hear that she was coming to the dance? 11. When did Coleman understand that he loved Maggie? 12. What promise did he give Maggie? 13. How did he prepare for the visit to Maggie's house? 14. Why didn't Coleman keep his promise? 15. What made him change his mind about marrying her? 16. What happened that night at the village pub? 17. Why did Coleman go up to Maggie's house first thing in the morning? 18. How did he know that all was lost and there was no hope for him? 19. Why didn't Coleman ever marry?

Ex 2 Look through the text once again, and:

1. Say if the author's purpose in writing the story was portrayal of character, the creation of a particular mood, or atmosphere, or the presentation of a serious theme or idea. 2. Give as much of the background story of (a) Coleman, (b) Maggie as you possibly can. 3. Find facts to prove that (a) Coleman truly loved Maggie; (b) Maggie loved Coleman; (c) Maggie's pride was greater than her love for Coleman. 4. Say if Maggie was really as ugly as people said she was. 5. Say what traits of character are, in your opinion, reflected in (a) Coleman's appearance; (b) Maggie's appearance. 6. Say whose character — Maggie's or Coleman's — proved the stronger. 7. Say how the characters of Maggie and Coleman are presented: in parallel or in contrast. 8. Explain why Maggie found it impossible to marry Coleman. 9. Explain why the author believed it necessary to mention that Coleman never married, and said nothing of Maggie. 10. Say which of them — Maggie or Coleman — has the author's (a) sympathy, (b) pity.

Ex 3 Find in the text the English for the following phrases, and use them in retelling and discussing the text.

пойти охотиться на уток; волевое лицо; ровные белые зубы; прямой нос; длинные ресницы; быть ровно 6 футов (= 1 м 80 см) ростом; играть на аккордеоне; с ружьем под мышкой; оглянуться; сделать посмешищем; ежемесячная ярмарка; покупать скот; чувствовать на себе чей-н взгляд; ехать на велосипеде; лунная ночь; проснуться утром; зайти выпить кружку пива; напиться (допьяна); затеять ссору; избить; никто так и не узнал...; посмотреть в глаза; понять, что всё пропало.