Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

В прямой и косвенной речи

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь	Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
can could may might must should is to	could had been able to might might must should was to	are to was to were to have to has to ought need	were to was to were to had to had to ought need

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

TO BE TO / TO HAVE TO

Глаголы to be и to have могут употребляться в предложении в функции модальных, если после них следует инфинитив с частицей to. При этом они имеют следующие значение:

to be to – должен, надо в силу договоренности или заранее намеченного плна (в настоящем или прошедшем времени)

They are to retrn in a day- Они должны вернуться через день.

to have to – должен, надо, приходится в силу внешних обстоятельств (в любом времени)

They had to come earlier - Им пришлось придти раньше.

I wonder – интересно

После выражения I wonder употребляется прямой порядок слов.

I wonder if she knows it. → Интересно, знает ли она это.

I wonder what he said. → Интересно, что он сказал.

Do you think

После выражения Do you think употребляется прямой порядок слов.

Do you think the problem is difficult? – Как вы думаете, это сложная проблема?

Косвенная речь может вводиться следующими глаголами:

to answer – ответить to add – добавить to explain – объяснять to advise – советовать to recommend – рекомендовать to suggest – предлагать to complain – жаловаться to warn – предупреждать to point out – указывать

to inform – сообщать to think – думать to reply – отвечать to boast – хвастаться to protest – протестовать to insist – настаивать to declare – объявлять to promise – обещать

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1. Переведите прямую речь в косвенную.

	КЛЮЧ
Boris Rogov said: My name is Boris Rogov.   I left school last year.   I entered the University.   I am a student. I am doing History. We study many subjects at the University. I have been learning English for five years. I’ll become a research worker after graduating from the University.	He said his name was Boris Rogov. He said he had left school the year before. He said he had entered the University. He said he was a student. He said he was doing History. He said they studied many subjects at the University. He said he had been learning English for five years. He said he would become a research worker after graduating from the University.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2. Укажите, как изменяется глагол при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную.

КЛЮЧ

I have long been dreaming of a teaching career but not everything went smoothly on the path to realizing this dream. This is the second time. I’ m taking my entrance examinations. Last year my composition was poor and I was not admitted. And, naturally, I continued to prepare for the exams and attended the preparatory course at the Teachers’ Training Institute. All institutes have such course for applications.

had been dreaming had gone that was was taking the year before had been had not been admitted had continued had attended had