Lexical-Syntactical Devices

1. God, I cried buckets. I saw it thousands of times.

2. The girls were dressed to kill.

3. She has a nose that`s at least three inches long.

4. I was so hungry, I could eat an elephant.

1. A woman of pocket size

2. Her eyes were open, but only just. “Don`t move the tiniest part of an inch”.

1. She gave him a lipsticky smile.

2. She protested vehemently (неистово).

3. It was an old, musty (заплесневелый), fusty (затхлый, несвежий), narrow-minded, clean and bitter room.

1. I am going to give you some advice. – Oh! Pray don`t. One should never give a woman anything that she can`t wear in the evening

2. There is not a single man in this hotel that`s half alive. – But I am not a single man. – Oh, I don`t mean that. Anyway, I hate single men. They always propose marriage.

1. He had his breakfast and his bath.

2. A young girl who had a yellow smock (сорочка, платье) and a cold in the head that did not go on too well together was helping an old lady…

3. He installed awall-to-wallcarpet in the living room, anoaktable in the dining room, adishwasher in the kitchen, and more than occasionally MissBigelow in the bedroom

1. It was raining cats and dogs and one puppet and two kittens landed on my window-cell.

2. He finds time to have a finger or a foot in most things that happen round here.

3. Little John was born with a silver spoon in his mouth which was rather curly and large.

Antonomasia is a lexical stylistic device in which a proper name is used instead of a common noun or vice versa. Logical meaning serves to denote concepts and thus to classify individual objects into groups (classes). The nominal meaning of a proper name is suppressed by its logical meaning and acquires the new – nominal – component. Nominal meaning has no classifying power for it applies to one single individual object with the aim not of classifying it constituting a definite group, but, on the contrary with the aim of singling it out of the group of similar objects, of individualizing one particular object. The word “Mary” does not indicate if the denoted object refers to the class of women, girls, boats, cats, etc. But in example: “He took little satisfaction in telling each Mary, something…” the attribute “each”, used with the name, turns it into a common noun denoting any woman. Here we deal with a case of antonomasia of the first type.

Another type of antonomasia we meet when a common noun is still clearly perceived as a proper name. So, no speaker of English today has it in his mind that such popular English surnames as Mr.Smith or Mr.Brown used to mean occupation and the color. While such names as Mr.Snake or Mr.Backbite immediately raise associations with certain human qualities due to the denotational meaning of the words “snake” and “backbite”.

Antonomasia is created mainly by nouns, more seldom by attributive combinations (as in “Dr.Fresh Air”) or phrases (as in “Mr.What’s-his-name’).

Syntactical Stylistic Devices:

Inversion

1. At no time did I say I would accept late homework.

2. Hardly had I left before the trouble started.

3. Not a single word did she say.

4. Silently he left the room.

Rhetorical questions

1. When public money brings windfalls to a few, why should the state not take a share?

2. Who will be open where there is no sympathy, or has call to speak to those who never can understand?

Ellipsis

1. A poor boy … No father, no mother, no any one.

2. Fast asleep – no passion in the face, no anxiety, no wild desire; all gentle, tranquil, and at peace.

Repetition

Ordinary repetition:

“A thousand pounds! A thousand pounds!” The words were magical. “A thousand pounds!”

Anaphora – repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences.

It were better that he knew nothing. Betterfor common sense, better for him, better for me.

A man without ambition is dead. A man with ambition but no love is dead. A man with ambition and love for his blessings here on earth is ever so alive.

Epiphora – repeatition of a sequence of words at the end of neighboring clauses to give them emphasis.

I wake up and I`m alone, and I walk round Warley and I`m alone, and I talk with people and I`m alone and I look at his face when I`m home and it`s dead …

Framing repetition – the initial parts of a syntactical unit, in most cases of a paragraph, are repeated at the end of it.

He ran away from the battle. He was an ordinary human being that didn`t want to kill or be killed, so he ran away from the battle.

Anadiplosis (catch repetition) is the repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence.:

1. If you have anything to say, say it, say it.

2. Noust in the grass, grass in the wind, wind on the lark, lark for the sun.

3. Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor (нищета, убогость), squalor led, in the final stages, to the smells and stagnation of B.Inn Alley.

1. I looked at the gun and the gun looked at me.

2. There are so many sons who won`t have anything to do with their fathers, and so many fathers who won`t speak to their sons.

1. And they wore their best and more colourful clothes. Red shirts and green shirts, and yellow shirts, and pink shirts.

2. Bella soaped his face and rubbed his face, and soaped his hands and rubbed his hands, and splashed him, and rinsed him and toweled him, until he was as red as beetroot.

1. Mrs. Nork had a large home and a small husband.

2. Don`t use big words. They mean so little.

3. In marriage the upkeep of woman is often the down-fall of man.

1. She was beautiful like a flower.

2. She has always been as live as a bird.

3. He wore a grey double-breasted waistcoat, and his eyes gleamed like raisins.

1. the opposite sex

2. I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.

3. He ran out of the bathroom in his birthday suit not knowing that Helen was already waiting for him in the living room.

Rosita sniffed and … in her well-bottom voice declared that yes, it was better that they stay out of the sun, as it seemed to be affecting Ottilie`s head.

Phonetic Expressive means:

for the g reater g ood of... (1)

s afety and s ecurity (1)

share a c ontinent but not a c ountry (2)

A n eat kn ot n eed n ot be re- kn otted.

1. Puff, the train came into the station.

2. “Sh – sh!” – “But I am whispering.” This continual shushing annoyed him.