2017-11-30
382
Департамент языковой подготовки
ИНСТИТУТ ЗАОЧНОГО И ОТКРЫТОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Специальность_________________________________________________
(направление)
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
По дисциплине «Иностранный язык-Английский язык»
Для первого курса бакалавриата
Вариант № _____
Студент__________________________
(Ф.И.О.)
Группа № _________
Преподаватель ___________________
(Ф.И.О.)
Москва 2017
Variant - 1
Translate the text into Russian in writing.
Common law and Statute law
The law in England developed over the centuries from the combined decisions of judges, the decisions based on rules already established. Known popularly as the common law, it was embodied in reports of decided cases that originated in the early Middle Ages. The broad acceptance of the common law in England was largely due to the dominant position of the royal courts, especially the King's Court established at Westminster (now part of London). The royal judges went out to the provincial towns and interpreted the law of Westminster in both civil and criminal cases. Hence common law came to apply everywhere in England. This early centralization of the court system removed the necessity of importing into England any foreign system, such as Roman law.
Statute law differs from common law in that it is legislation, or codes of law made by legislative bodies such as parliaments, congresses, and legislatures. In England, for example, statutes are passed by Parliament. In the United States laws are passed by the Congress in Washington, D.C. Each state in the United States has its own legislature that makes statute laws, and there are many local lawmaking bodies such as city councils and town councils as well. Statute law grew up because conditions arose to which common law did not apply.
|
|
|
The chief difference between common law and statute law is that common law is based on what has happened, on precedents, while statute law is passed to meet present circumstances and future possibilities. The complexity of modern society in every industrialized nation has bred an enormous amount of statute law that affects the private and public life of every individual — there are laws on compulsory education, taxation, regulation of businesses, protection of the environment, and many more.
In recent years, governments under the common-law system have increasingly adopted statute laws and regulations. In this situation, the difference between common law and statute law has become much less distinct than it once was.
Answer the following questions.
1.What forms constitute the common law?
2.Why was the common law prevalent in England?
3.Why was there no need for other legal systems?
4.What is statute law?
5.Why did statute law appear?
Decide whether the statements are true or false.
1. Courts have always played an important role in creating and operating law in England generally.
2. Common law refers to law that has been created by Parliament in the form of legislation.
3.There has been a significant increase in statute law in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
4.Common law is not applied in England now.
5.The difference between common law and statute law has become much distinct than it once was.
