2018-01-08
2642
| to pass bills – сдавать законопроекты citizen - гражданин elected - избираемый branch of power – ветвь власти executive - исполнительная judicial - судебная legislative - законодательная the most seats – большинство мест responsible for – ответственный за Commander-in-Chief - главнокомандующий the head of – глава … to adopt - принимать to appoint - назначать to approve - одобрять to become - становиться to belong to - принадлежать to choose - выбирать to consist of – состоять из to delay - отсрочить to discuss - обсуждать to draft - составлять to elect - избирать to examine - рассматривать general election – всеобщие выборы Magistrates' Courts – суды Магистрата Crown Court – Суд Короны | parliamentary democracy – парламентарная демократия Instead – вместо этого supreme governor – верховный правитель Church - церковь secret ballot – тайное голосование parliamentary constituencies - парламентские округи law - закон The House of Commons – Палата Общин The House of Lords – Палата Лордов hereditary and life peers - наследственные и пожизненные пэры bishops - епископы to put laws into effect – вводить законы в действие to plan policy – планировать курс политики the Labor party – Лейбористская партия Conservative party – партия Консерваторов to win – выигрывать, побеждать Courts of Appeal – Апелляционный суд |
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as Head of State.
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The UK does not have a written constitution. Instead, it is made up of a combination of Acts of Parliament.
Monarch
In law the Monarch is Head of the legislative, executive and judicial powers, the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and the supreme governor of the Church of England, but in reality her role is mostly ceremonial.
Legislative Power
The legislative power in the UK belongs to Parliament which comprises the Monarch, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The House of Commons consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs), who are elected by citizens over the age of 18, by secret ballot, in each of Britain's 651 parliamentary constituencies. The main function of the House of Commons is to make laws.
The House of Lords consists of about 1200 hereditary and life peers and some senior bishops named by the Queen. The main function of the House of Lords is to revise bills proposed by the House of Commons. But it cannot reject them; it can only delay a bill from becoming law for six months.
Executive Power
The executive power in the UK belongs to the Government, the main functions of which are to put laws into effect and plan policy.
The main political parties in the UK are the Labor and the Conservative parties. The leader of the party which wins the most seats in the Parliament at a general election becomes Prime Minister. As head of Government the Prime Minister appoints about 100 ministers, of whom about 20 are in the Cabinet.
Judicial Power
The judicial power in the UK belongs to:
a. Magistrates' Courts, which deal with minor criminal and civil cases.
b. Crown Courts which deal with more serious criminal cases and County Courts which deal with more serious civil cases.
c. Courts of Appeal which deal with criminal and civil cases.
d. the House of Lords, which is the Final Court of Appeal.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What kind of state is Great Britain?
2. Who is the head of the state?
3. What does the legislative branch of power belong to?
4. Who does the executive branch of power belong to?
5. What does the judicial branch of power belong to?
6. What does the British Parliament consist of?
7. How many members are there in the House of Commons / in the House of Lords?
8. The House of Commons plays main role in law-making, doesn’t it?
9. What is the main function of the House of Lords?
10. Who appoints hereditary and life peers and some senior bishops?
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11. Who becomes Prime Minister?
12. Who is the actual Prime Minister of the country?
Text. THE USA
| to cover the Pacific Ocean- Тихий океан to stretch from … to -простираться gulf -течение highland -высокогорье plain -долина to join -присоединяться to be called - называться area -площадь to vary - меняться warm -теплый dry -сухой to characterize - характеризовать rainfall - ливень changeable- изменчивый humid – влажный, мокрый | windy -ветрено republic-республика state –государство, штат government-правительство chamber - палата to elect -избирать to be known for –быть известным |
The United States of America is situated in North America. The United States is one of the largest countries in the world. The area of the USA is about nine million square kilometers. The population is nearly 250 million people.
The USA is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Pacific Ocean in the west.
In the north the USA borders Canada and in the south - Mexico.
The highest mountains are the Cordillera, situated in the west of the country. Their highest peak Whitney is 4,418 meters.
The main rivers of the USA are the Mississippi in the central part, the Colorado in the south-west and the Columbia in the north-west. The five Great Lakes are between the USA and Canada.
The climate of the USA varies from place to place. On the Pacific coast winter is mild and warm, summer is dry.
The eastern part of the USA is characterized by the continental climate with rainfall. The weather in the region of the Great Lakes is changeable. It is hot and humid in summer and cold in winter. It is often windy.
The USA is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states. Each state has its own government.
The USA is a multinational country. The official language is English.
The capital of the USA is Washington.
Переведите на английский:
Соединенные штаты Америки, Канада, Тихий океан, Атлантический океан, столица, омывается, располагается, население, площадь, квадратные километры, официальный язык, реки и озёра, Великие озера, изменчивый, ливни, влажный, меняться, самая высокая вершина
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. 1.Where is the USA situated?
2. What is the USA washed by?
3. What is the climate?
4. What is the capital of the country?
5. What is the area of the USA?
6. What is the population of the USA?
7. What is the official language?
8. What are the chief rivers in the USA?
Расскажите о США, используя опорную схему
The USA is situated …
It is washed by …
Its area is …
The climate is ….
The population is …
The capital of the USA is …
English is …
The chief rivers are …
US GOVERNMENT
| presidential republic – президентская республика is made up of – состоит из to represent – представлять, выдвигать свою кандидатуру the House of Representatives – Палата представителей at least – не менее чем … a representative - представитель to finance the operation of the Government – финансировать работу правительства to presided over - председательствовать the presiding officer - председатель | to veto any bill – наложить вето на законопроект to declare a war – объявлять войну to appoint - назначать justices - судьи the Supreme Court – Верховный суд Armed Forces – вооруженные силы to enforce laws – следить за соблюдением законов district courts – окружные суды appointed for life – назначенный пожизненно right - право |
The United States of America is a presidential republic. The Federal Government is made up of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial branches.
The legislative branch of the US Government, or the Congress, represents all of the American states. It consists of two parts: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state has two senators, who are elected every 6 years. A senator must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the United States for 9 years, and live in the state where she or he will represent. A representative must be at least 25 years old, a citizen for 7 years, and live in the state. There are 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 senators.
The function of the legislative branch of government is to make laws and to finance the operation of the Government. The Senate is presided over by the Vice-President. The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is the Speaker.
The executive branch is represented by President and the President’s Cabinet. The President is elected every 4 years. The President must carry out the Government programs. He can veto any bill passed by the Congress and can ask the Congress the Congress to declare a war. He also appoints the justices to the Supreme Court. President of the USA is also a Commander-in-Chief of the US Armed Forces.
The judicial branch of the government is the system of courts. Its function is to enforce laws. The system consists of 11 federal courts of appeal and 91 federal district courts. The highest court in the country is the Supreme Court. It consists of nine justices who are appointed for life. The judicial branch works together with legislative and executive branches to protect the Constitution and all the rights of people.
Расскажите о США, используя опорную схему
The USA is a ….
The legislative branch is represented by ….
The Congress is made up of ….
The Senate is presided over ….
The executive branch is represented by ….
The President must ….
The judicial branch of the government is …
The function of courts is ….
The highest court in the country is ….
