2018-01-08
537
Task 1. Answer the following questions:
1. When did the history of mechanical engineering begin?
2. What were the earliest types of machines?
3. What did the new inventions cause?
4. What do we call industrial revolution?
5. What are the four stages of the development of world industry and what are they characterized by?
6. What period of industrial revolution is happening at present?
Task 2. Decide which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
1. Industrial revolution started in the USA in 1750.
2. We know 5 stages of industrial revolution.
3. Previously, goods had been manufactured by individual craftspeople working at home.
4. The first stage was dominated by two developments in technology: the steam engine driven by coal and machines used to make textiles, or cloth.
5. The second stage, sometimes called the second Industrial Revolution, occurred primarily in France.
6. The third industrial revolution coincided with the advent of automation.
7. The fourth industrial revolution will be characterized by remote-controlled machines.
| T | T | T | T | T | T | T |
| F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
Task 3. Put these words in the right order to make sentences:
1. resulted / Industrial / about / work / in / revolution / ways / of / new / thinking/.
2. by / fourth / The / industrial / machines / characterized / revolution / will / automated / be/.
3. ordinary / caused / inventions / in / lives / changes / the / These / profound/.
4. late / The / gradually / system / late / starting,the / approach / introduced / in / 1700s / was/.
5. Previously / craftspeople / goods / by / individual / had / manufactured / been/.
6. revolution / process / The / entire / is / the / called / the / industrial/.
7. Advent / third / coincided / automation / revolution / with / The / industrial /of/.
Task 4. Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
1.  system
| a) instructions |
| 2. mechanical | b) approach |
| 3. combustion | c) revolution |
| 4. automated | d) engineering |
| 5. computer | e) life |
| 6. manufacturing | f) engine |
| 7. electronic | g) computer |
| 8. human | h) processes |
| 9. entire | i) machines |
| 10. industrial | j) process |
Task 5. Make up 6-7 sentences with word combinations from task 4:
Task 6. The definitions of the words are given. Try to guess these words:
1. _______ a rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to help move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other (noun);
2. _______a cultivated plant that is grown as food, esp. a grain, fruit, or vegetable (noun);
3. _______ operated, moved, or controlled by a specified person or source of power (adjective);
4. _______ exist or be found to be present in a place or under a particular set of conditions (verb);
5. _______ the process of burning something (noun);
6. _______ work or operate in a proper or particular way (verb);
7. _______ a place where people work, such as an office or factory (noun);
8. _______ the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate (noun);
Task 7. Finish the following sentences using the information from the text:
1. Technical innovation and social change.........................................
2. The first stage, called……………………………………………..
3. It was dominated by………………………………………………
4. The process of making things………………………………….…
5. The system approach was introduced……………………………
6. The third industrial revolution……………………………………
7. The fourth industrial revolution………………………………….
8. It will be characterized by………………………………………
| GRAMMAR |
Past Perfect Simple
Task 8. Write the verbs in the correct form of the Past Perfect Simple:
1. The history of mechanical engineering goes back to the time when the man first ______ (to try) to make machines.
2. The second industrial revolution, lasted from about 1850 until about 1940 and ______ (to occur) primarily in the United States as well as in continental Europe.
3. Previously, individual craftspeople working at home _____ (to manufacture) goods.
4. System approach _____ (to affect) the way people view their work and the way they view one another, in the workplace, in society, and in government.
5. The advent of computer which occurred around the middle of this century, featured a new machine that ______ (to influence) the world.
6. The very first steam engine was developed over fifty years before the industrial revolution, improvements of this invention ____ (to have) a massive impact on the industrial revolution.
7. The water frame was a large wheel that was running water, it was harnessed to turn cogs, and this invention _____ (to lead) to the building of a number of factories.
8. In 1801 Richard Trevithick developed a steam powered carriage then he _____ (to demonstrate) an updated version of his locomotive in London in1808.
Task 9. Use the prompts to make sentences, using the Past Perfect Simple, as in the example:
e.g. a) After/When Sue had packed her suitcase, she called a taxi.
b) Sue had packed her suitcase before she called a taxi.
| First | Then |
| · A series of inventions / spark / changes · The third industrial revolution / coincide with / advent of automation · Thomas Savery / develop / first steam engine in 1698 · Thomas / design / water frame · George Stevenson / develop / idea about engines to pull wagons | cause / profound changes / in the ordinary lives of people. occur / the electronic computer. in 1712 / Thomas Newcomen / improve / this idea. Richard Arkwright / patent / this machine / in 1769. build / a locomotive / in 1814. |
Task 10. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Починаючи з середини 1700-их років в Англії, винаходи викликали значні зміни в людському житті.
2. Технічні інновації та соціальні зміни разом називаються промисловою революцією.
3. Перша промислова революція відзначалась появою таких виходів: парового двигуна, який працює на вугіллі та машини, яка виготовляє тканини.
4. Друга промислова революція тривала з 1850 до 1940 в основному в Америці та континентальній Європі.
5. Під час другої промислової революції домінувала поява нових джерел енергії, таких як двигун внутрішнього згорання та електроенергія.
6. Системний підхід був представлений поступово, починаючи з 1700-их років та прогресивно розвинувся вже в 21 столітті.
7. Четверта промислова революція характеризувалась автоматизованими машинами, які можна запрограмувати на виконання різних завдань відповідно до набору комп’ютерних інструкцій.
| SPEAKING |
Task 11. Work in pairs. Imagine you are a reporter interviewing a historian about industrial revolutions and the inventions led to it. Discuss all effects of such inventions on each sphere of our life. Give all your pros and cons.
| WRITING |
Task 12. Imagine that you are a young scientist and you have to speak about an invention you are going to create in the future at the annual international conference. Write a short plan of your report in order to be ready for presenting it at the conference.
UNIT 7
