2018-01-08
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IX. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the oldest teaching method? When did it appear?
2. What does the lecture-discussion approach to teaching represent?
X. True/ False statements:
1. The lecture method originated in 14th century.
2. 1450 – is the year of the printing press’ introduction.
3. Many teachers employ a combination of lectures and discussions.
Unit 3
Topic: Pedagogics
I. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
to guide – вести, направляти
slaves’ duty – обов’язок рабів
theology – богослов’я
due to – завдяки
peculiarity – особливість
implementation – виконання
II. Read and translate the following text:
Pedagogics (from Greek- “child” and “to guide”) is a science that deals with younger generations’ teaching and upbringing. Pedagogics got its name from Greek slaves’ duty to accompany aristocrats’ children to school, promenades, etc.
At first, pedagogics existed and developed in the system of antique and medieval philosophy and theology. And just at the beginning of the 17th century, due to English philosopher F. Bacon, German pedagogue I. Sturm, pedagogics became a science. Though its real scientific independence is associated with Czech educator I. Komensky (1592-1670). In his study “Great didactics” (1633), he worked out the theory and practice of pedagogical activity.
Gradually, the word “pedagogics” appears more generally: to define the art of guiding a child during his life, upbringing, teaching and giving education.
Pedagogics is the science that studies the processes of upbringing, teaching, educating and personality development at all stages of life – that is the most widespread definition of pedagogics nowadays.
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There are three points of view upon this concept:
1. Pedagogics is an art.
2. Pedagogics is a science.
3. Pedagogics is an activity system.
Pedagogics has its own object and subject of study.
The object of pedagogics as a science is an educational process in all its variety.
The subject of pedagogics is the principles of historical upbringing process and peculiarities of pedagogical activity organization for younger generations.
The main tasks of pedagogics as a science:
• to perceive educational principles in the process of personality formation and development;
• to form means of implementation of theoretical tasks in educational process;
• to computerize the work of a teacher;
• to improve the content of education;
• to make principally new ways of education.
Pedagogics as a science consists of 4 sections:
1. basis of pedagogics;
2. theory of education;
3. theory of upbringing;
4. theory of educational process management.
III. Answer the questions:
1. What is pedagogics?
2. What is the origin of the word “pedagogics”?
3. How did pedagogics develop as a science?
4. What does pedagogics study?
5. Name the subject and object of pedagogics.
6. What are the main tasks of pedagogics as a science?
7. How many sections does pedagogics consist of? What are they?
IV. Match the English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1. science a) виховання
2. upbringing b) розвиток
3. to deal with с) навчання
4. teaching d) освіта
5. development e) вимога
6. point of view f) впровадження
7. education g) наука
8. application h) покращувати
9. to improve i) розглядати питання
10.demand j) точка зору, погляд на щось
V. Continue the sentences using the text:
1. Pedagogics is the science that studies ….
2. Gradually, the word “pedagogics” appears more generally: to define ….
3. The object of pedagogics as a science is ….
4. The subject of pedagogics is ….
5. At first, pedagogics existed and developed ….
VI. Find a synonym:
To work out
a) to act b) to develop c) to use d) to do
Widespread
a) extended b) growing c) total d) general
Peculiarity
a) difference b) activity c) characteristic d) degree
Basis
a) fundamentals b) cause c) task d) knowledge
To perceive
a) to find b) to understand c) to do d) to make
VII. Read and translate the text using the dictionary:
Teaching methods have a long history and relate to the questions: “What is the purpose of education?” and “What are the best ways of achieving these purposes?” For much of human history educational method was largely unconscious. It consisted of children, imitating the elders’ behaviour, learning through observation and play.
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About 3000 BC, with the advent of writing, education became more conscious with specialized occupations, requiring particular skills and knowledge.
It has been the intent of many educators since then to find specific, interesting ways to encourage students to use their intelligence and to help them to learn.
Komensky wanted all boys and girls to learn. In his work “ The World in Pictures” he gave the first vivid, illustrated textbook which contained much that children would be familiar with in everyday life. He used it to teach the academic subjects they needed to know.
Much later, Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his “ Emile” presented methodology to teach children the elements of science and much more. In this he famously avoided books, saying the world is one’s book.
In the 20th century the philosopher Eli Siegel, who believed that all children are equally capable of learning regardless of ethnic background or social class stated: “The purpose of all education is to like the world through knowing it”.
