An introduction of information system. The structure of information system

The concept of information and data

Both information and data are types of knowledge.

Data is raw material for data processing, data relates to fact, event and transactions. Data refers to unprocessed information. Data for example are numerical quantities or other attributes derived from observation, experiment, or calculation. Cost, speed, time and capacity are quantitative data.

Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it. It is any thing, that is communicated.

For example,1)researchers who conduct market research survey might ask a member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed questionnaires are data; they are processed and analyze in order to prepare a report on the survey. This resulting report is information.

information is data but after compilation and manipulation:
data like car,my,red,bought, i,new; the information is i bought my new red car. data is not useful at its form it must be turned to information to be so.

2. Phase of the existence of information

1. assimilated information- An idea is born in the mind/s of individual/s. The idea is then formulated as information and extra content information, that is embedded attributes, such as layout and colouring, is added. When new information is adopted in view of person`s values, evaluations. In this stage information is not fixed on medium, it is represented only in the person`s mind as some plans and ideas.

2. Documentary (fixed)information- fixed information on some physical medium.

The information is then stored as a digital object where more information, preservation description information, is needed in order to preserve the context of the information. This is where provenance and appraisal is crucial

3. transmitted information- fixed information, that was sent via some communication channels(visual, audiovisual, input information into computer)

An introduction of information system. The structure of information system.

Information system is a combination of people, hardware, software, communication devices, network and data resources that processes (can be storing, retrieving, transforming information)data and information for a specific purpose.

Information Systems is a large umbrella referring to systems designed to create, store, manipulate, or disseminate information.People rely on modern information systems to communicate with each other using a variety of physical devices(hardware), information processing in instructions and procedures(software), communications channels(networks), and stored data(data resources). Example of an information system is a pencil and a piece of paper. The two objects themselves are just tools, but together they create a system for writing (information). Card catalog in a library or my book bag are also a information systems.

The structure of an information system may be visualised asinfrastructure plus applications. The applications have a conceptualstructure based on the purpose or needs being met and the functions ofthe organisations that employ them.

The Technology Infrastructure consists of computer and

communication hardware, software, and general purpose software systems. Computer hardware is made operational through system software and provides

generalized functions necessary for applications.

The Database infrastructure. The database forms a data infrastructure. They provide for storage of data needed for one or more organisational functions and one or more activities. Planning of the database infrastructures involves determining what should be stored, what relationships should be maintained among stored data, and what restrictions should be placed on access.

Personnel. The information systems personnel can be viewed as athird infrastructure, which includes all personnel required to establishand maintain the technology, and the database infrastructures and thecapacity to perform user support, development, implementation,operation and maintenance activities.

All information systems use people, hardware, software, data, andnetwork resources to perform input, processing, output, storage, andcontrol activities that transform data resources into informationproducts.