2018-01-21
1099
The notion of individual accountability for crimes against humanity can be fully grasped only in connection with the international human rights doctrine and other recent developments in the structure and process of international law. Particularly relevant, in this respect, is the notion of obligations which are not owed to any particular state but to the international community. This, in turn, entails that every state has a legal interest in their fulfilment. The pre-eminence of these obligations over others, in light of their content, stipulates a hierarchy of values in the international legal system in which norms concerning the protection of fundamental human rights certainly enjoy the highest-ranking status. The persuasive force of the argument is reinforced by the emergence of a set of norms from which no derogation is ever admitted under international law. The importance of certain rules and principles to the international community is such that any unilateral action or international agreement which violates them is absolutely prohibited. Elementary logic supports this conclusion, as the law cannot tolerate acts which run against its very foundation. There is hardly any doubt that genocide, apartheid, torture and, when committed on a large scale or as a matter of state policy, murder, arbitrary detention and enforced disappearance of individuals can be legitimately included in the list.
All the above mentioned notions prove the existence of an international public order based on a commonality of core values and interests which are regarded as fundamental by the international community as a whole.
Notes
crime against humanity — преступление против человечества human rights — права человека obligations — обязательства legal interest — юридический интерес highest-ranking status — самый высокий статус force of the argument — сила довода, аргумента derogation - умаление unilateral action — одностороннее действие violate — нарушать tolerate acts — допускать действия run against — действовать против torture — пытка
arbitrary detention — произвольное, незаконное содержание под стражей
commonality — общность
core values — основные ценности
Упражнения
*16. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты данных слов и словосочетаний.
1. может быть полностью понято; 2. особо важным в этом отношении является; 3. в свою очередь ведет за собой (связано с); 4. превосходство чего-либо над чём-л.; 5. усиленный чем-либо; 6. широкомасштабно; 7. признавать что-л. в качестве осново-полагающих моментов
*17. Соотнесите слова и словосочетания с их синонимами.
1. can be understood a. to enjoy the status
2. important b. the emergence of
3. to possess the status с the law cannot tolerate acts
4. the appearance of d. relevant
5. the law cannot stand acts e. can be grasped
6. basic f. elementary
Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is necessary to understand the notion of individual accounted
ability for crimes against humanity?
2. What norms enjoy the highest — ranking status in the hierarchy of
values in the international legal system?
3. What proves the existence of an international public order based on a
commonality of fundamental core values and interests?
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