Explain the state of environment near the industrial enterprise in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In many areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the environmental situation is deteriorating. The growth of industry, energy, transport and agriculture leads to a systematic increase in anthropogenic emissions into the environment. In significant areas, land is contaminated with chemicals and other substances and compounds, cluttering land with production and consumption wastes. The most characteristic is the contamination of land for territories adjacent to industrial enterprises, motor roads and oil pipelines. And at the present time, the Republic of Kazakhstan is still one of the countries of the world with the most difficult ecological situation, with acute environmental problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The current state of the environment is a consequence of the decades-long policy of an extensive approach to the development of productive forces and the exploitation of natural resources, while ignoring regional environmental problems. Transformation of the economy of Kazakhstan on market principles with the strengthening of raw materials orientation without due consideration for environmental restrictions has led to an even more exacerbating ecological situation, in which degradation of the natural environment has reached a catastrophic level, which threatens the national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Therefore, the problem of the formation of the system of environmental interests and the hierarchy of social values ​​on a natural historical basis and, accordingly, the establishment of the priority of the development of an environmentally sound strategy for the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the formation of an economic mechanism that reflects the requirements of environmental safety, emerged with all the urgency. In this regard, the use of the principles and the concept of sustainable development, recognized by the world community as the basic ideology for ensuring the economic, social and environmental balance of society, is especially relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan.The lands of industrial centers of Kazakhstan, as a rule, are polluted with heavy metals. Significant role in the pollution of land in cities and other settlements belongs to road transport, the number of which in recent years has increased significantly.Enterprises of the oil and gas complex of the republic occupy one of the leading places in soil contamination with various chemical compounds.

Regions of oil and gas production are concentrated in the west and southwest of Kazakhstan - in the West Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk, Atyrau, Mangistau, Kyzylorda regions.

One of the main sources of soil contamination is the discharge of oil into earthen barns, oil spills and water-oil mixture during pipeline ruptures, oil leakage to the surface of the earth during the production of well repair. The practice of flaring associated gas also causes significant environmental and economic damage. The increased thermal background and acidification of the environmental components around the deposits during the combustion of gas have a negative impact on the soil, vegetation, fauna of the areas adjacent to the oil complexes, contributing to the increase in the greenhouse effect.

When exploring and exploiting hydrocarbon fields around each drilling rig, vegetation is destroyed by 70-80% within a radius of 500-800 meters.

The problem of the influence of sulfur stored by LLP "Tengizchevroil" on the environment and public health is acute in Atyrau oblast. According to the information published by UNDP Kazakhstan in the review "Environment and Sustainable Development in Kazakhstan" (2004), technogenic pollution of land in the form of soil oil contamination was tolerated in Atyrau oblast on an area of ​​more than 1.3 million hectares, in some oil fields it Reaches a thickness of 10 meters.

The intensive development of the oil complex leads to the destruction of the natural ecological balance of the earth. The study of the soil cover at various deposits in the Atyrau region showed that the impact of oil and petroleum products leads to changes in the physicochemical and chemical properties of the soil.