Write the classification of monitoring systems

There is a classification of monitoring systems by objects, by factors, by sources and extent of impact.

The objects of observation are as follows: atmospheric, air, water, soil, climatic, monitoring of vegetation, wildlife, public health.

On the impact factors: monitoring of various chemical pollutants, natural and physical factors of influence (electromagnetic radiation, radioactive radiation, solar radiation, acoustic noise, noise vibration).

Classification of monitoring systems can be based on monitoring methods: monitoring by physico-chemical and biological indicators, remote monitoring.

Chemical monitoring is a system for monitoring the chemical composition of the atmosphere, sediments, surface and groundwater, the waters of the oceans and seas, soils, bottom sediments, vegetation, animals and controlling the dynamics of the spread of chemical pollutants. The global task of chemical monitoring is to determine the actual level of environmental contamination with priority highly toxic ingredients. These include: sulfur dioxide, suspended particles, radionuclides, organochlorine compounds, cadmium compounds, nitrates, nitrites, nitrogen oxides, mercury and its compounds, lead, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, fluoride compounds, asbestos, arsenic, microtoxins, microbiological pollution.

In recent years, remote monitoring has been widely used - monitoring with the use of aeronautical and space technology equipped with radiometric equipment capable of actively probing objects and recording data.

The scale of exposure is distinguished:

Global - tracking of global processes and phenomena in the Earth's biosphere, including all its environmental components, and warning of emerging extreme situations; Global monitoring is carried out by international organizations: Global Environmental Monitoring System (established in 1974); Global Atmosphere Watch Service; Global Climate Observing System; Global Ocean Observing System;

Basic (background) - tracking of general biospheric, mostly natural phenomena, without imposing on national and regional anthropogenic influences;

Transnational - monitoring of transboundary pollution;

National - monitoring on the scale of an individual state;

Regional - tracking of processes and phenomena within a region where these processes and phenomena can differ both in terms of both natural and anthropogenic impacts from the basic background characteristic of the entire biosphere; Regional monitoring in the Republic of Tatarstan, for example, was established on the basis of Resolution No. 321 of the Cabinet of Ministers of 07.07.1994. About the Unified Environmental Monitoring System of the Republic of Tajikistan; Regional monitoring is carried out by: Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Tatarstan, Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Department of the Federal Real Estate Cadastre Agency for RT, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Department for Technological and Environmental Supervision of the Federal Agency for Technological, Environmental and Nuclear Supervision On the protection, control and regulation of the use of hunting animals of the RT, the Inspection for the Protection and Reproduction of Fish Stocks and Regulation aniyu fishing at RT;

local - monitoring the impact of a particular human source;

IMPACT - monitoring regional and local anthropogenic impact in high-risk zones and locations.