2018-01-21
453
Pre-science is the first form of science that is called. Includes a pre-scientific presentation of Egypt, India (the country of the wise) and China. In this period, only the prerequisites of science are emerging, and not science. The pre-science studies mainly those things and processes with which the person has repeatedly encountered in ordinary experience. He aspired to construct models of objects and processes in order to foresee the results of practical actions. The activity of thinking was formed on the basis of practice and was an idealized scheme for the practical transformation of material objects. The process of formation and accumulation of knowledge proceeded spontaneously in the absence of critical and reflexive activity in the assessment of knowledge, and their recognition and use was carried out on an unproven basis and functioned as a set of ready-made activity prescriptions. A feature of the knowledge of the ancient Eastern civilizations is the lack of fundamentalism, since it was oriented towards solving practical and practical problems, even astronomy was realized in the form of astrology, whereas in Ancient Greece, astronomy was understood not as a calculation technique, but as a theoretical science of the universe. Knowledge at the pre-science stage in the full sense was not rational and the reasons for this were largely determined by the nature of the socio-political structure of the ancient Eastern civilizations. The absence of the prerequisites for justification and proof of knowledge, ultimately, led to fetishization. Knowledge, remaining rationally unreasonable, sanctified by the divine name, turned into an object of worship, the sacrament.
Features of pre-science:
• Ancient knowledge was tested in practice, not theoretical;
• Ancient knowledge was caste, not universal;
• Ancient knowledge was not critical;
• Ancient knowledge was authoritarian, not rational;
• Ancient knowledge was non-systematic;
• Ancient knowledge was prescription, not justified.
